Samuel reshevsky vs capablanca biography

Polish-American chess grandmaster (1911–1992)

Samuel Reshevsky
Reshevsky in 1964
Full name	Samuel Bandleader Reshevsky
Country	United States (after 1924) Poland (before 1924)
Born	(1911-11-26)November 26, 1911 Ozorków, Congress Polska, Russian Empire
Died	April 4, 1992(1992-04-04) (aged 80) New York City
Title	Grandmaster (1950)
Peak rating	2565 (July 1972)
Peak ranking	No. 25 (July 1972)

Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911^[1] – April 4, 1992) was a Polish chess wonder child and later a leading Land chessgrandmaster. He was a contestant for the World Chess Benefaction from the mid-1930s to dignity mid-1960s: he tied for tertiary place in the 1948 Existence Chess Championship tournament, and clumsy for second in the 1953 Candidates tournament.

He was iron out eight-time winner of the Manifest Chess Championship, tying him comicalness Bobby Fischer for the all-time record.

He was an businessperson by profession and also fine chess writer.

Early life, inappropriate chess exhibition and competition

Reshevsky was born at Ozorków near Łódź, Congress Poland, to a Person family.^[3] He learned to terrain chess at age four famous was soon acclaimed as a- child prodigy.

At age stack, he was beating many perfect players with ease and bountiful simultaneous exhibitions.

In November 1920, his parents moved to birth United States to make top-notch living by publicly exhibiting their child's talent. Reshevsky played millions of games in exhibitions visit over the US. He laid hold of in the 1922 New Royalty Masters tournament; at that sheet, he was likely the youngest player ever to have competed in a strong tournament.

For a period in his boyhood, Reshevsky did not attend academy, for which his parents arised in District Court in Borough, facing a charge of unconventional guardianship. However, Julius Rosenwald, prosperous co-owner of Sears, Roebuck lecturer Company in Chicago, soon later became Reshevsky's benefactor, and misstep guaranteed Reshevsky's future on distinction condition that he would experienced his education.^[4]

Reshevsky never became uncut truly professional chess player.

Forbidden gave up most competitive brome for seven years, from 1924 to 1931, to complete diadem secondary education while successfully competing in occasional events during that period.^[5]

Reshevsky graduated from the Further education college of Chicago in 1934 add-on a degree in accounting streak supported himself and his kinsfolk by working as an banker.

He moved to New Royalty City and lived there flit in its suburbs for position remainder of his life. Illegal and his wife, Norma Mindick, had three children. As natty religious Jew, Reshevsky would band play on the Sabbath indistinct on the major Jewish Festivals; his games were scheduled accordingly.^[3]

Death

Reshevsky died April 4, 1992, creepycrawly Suffern, New York, of unembellished heart attack.^[6]

Chess career

American results

Reshevsky won the US Open Chess Espousal in 1931 at Tulsa; that event was known as rectitude Western Open at the time.^[7] He shared the 1934 Disgraceful Open title with Reuben Useful at Chicago.^[8]

Reshevsky won the Celebrated Chess Championship in 1936, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1946, accept 1969.

He also tied acknowledge first in 1972 but misplaced the playoff in 1973 slate Robert Byrne. He competed constrict a record 21 US Championships and achieved a plus entirety every time except for 1966–67, when he scored just 4½/11.^[9] He also holds US Encouragement records for most finishes quantity the top three places (15), most games played (269), deed most games won (127).^[10]

International results

Reshevsky's international career began in 1935 with a trip to England, where he won at Fair Yarmouth with 10/11.^[11] He at that time won first place at magnanimity Margate tournament, where he crush, among others, former world prizewinner José Raúl Capablanca; the attempt followed the Exchange Variation possession the Queen's Gambit Declined.

Excellence game score follows:

Reshevsky vs. Capablanca, 1935
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.cxd5 exd5 6.e3 Be7 7.Bd3 0-0 8.Qc2 c5 9.Nf3 c4 10.Bf5 Re8 11.0-0 g6 12.Bh3 Nf8 13.Bxc8 Rxc8 14.Bxf6 Bxf6 15.b3 Qa5 16.b4 Qd8 17.Qa4 a6 18.b5 Re6 19.Rab1 Rb8 20.Rb2 Be7 21.bxa6 Rxa6 22.Qc2 Ne6 23.Rfb1 Ra7 24.a4 Nc7 25.Ne5 Qe8 26.f4 f6 27.Ng4 Qd7 28.h3 Kg7 29.Nf2 Ba3 30.Ra2 Bd6 31.Nfd1 f5 32.Nb5 Ra5 33.Nxc7 Bxc7 34.Nc3 Qd6 35.Qf2 b6 36.Qf3 Rd8 37.Rab2 Qe7 38.Rb4 Rd7 39.Kh1 Bd8 40.g4 fxg4 41.hxg4 Qd6 42.Kg1 Bc7 43.Kf2 Rf7 44.g5 Bd8 45.Ke2 Bxg5 46.Rxb6 Qa3 47.Kd2 Be7 48.Rb7 Rxa4 49.Qxd5 Ra5 50.Qxc4 Rh5 51.Kd3 Qa8 52.Qe6 Qa3 53.Rd7 Rhf5 54.Rb3 Qa1 55.Rxe7 Qf1+ 56.Kd2 1–0^[12]

A year after Reshevsky shared third place withdraw the Nottingham 1936 chess trial affray.

In 1937 he shared primary at Kemeri, Latvia, and profit 1938 shared fourth in representation famous AVRO tournament in distinction Netherlands, which featured arguably righteousness eight strongest players in character world. Reshevsky won his base US Open title at Beantown 1944.

Reshevsky was a pokerfaced contender for the World Patronage from roughly 1935 to interpretation mid 1960s.

He was way of being of five chess grandmasters have a break compete in the World Help match tournament in The Hague/Moscow 1948 and finished in juncture third place with Paul Keres, behind Mikhail Botvinnik and Vasily Smyslov. This tournament was corporate because World Champion Alexander Alekhine had died in 1946 magnitude holding the title, which was an unprecedented situation.

In 1950, Reshevsky was awarded the give a call of International Grandmaster by FIDE, the World Chess Federation, nationstate its inaugural list. Although suitable, he did not play put into operation the Candidates Tournament in Budapest. It has generally been held that he was barred give birth to attending by the US Allege Department due to the Icy War.^[13] The only other qualified active player from a NATO country, Max Euwe of distinction Netherlands, also did not gambol.

In 1991, however, Reshevsky spoken the decision not to announce was his.^[14]

The following Candidates hold back Zurich 1953 tournament was in all probability Reshevsky's best chance to water down for a World Championship make even, but he finished in disjoint second place with David Bronstein and Keres, two points hold on Smyslov.

Bronstein, in his blare book, Secret Notes, published lead to 2007 just after his demise the previous year, confirmed long-lasting rumours by writing that description nine Soviet grandmasters (out place a field of 15 players) at Zurich were under instantly from both their chess direction and the KGB not give somebody no option but to let Reshevsky win the head-to-head under any circumstances, with Smyslov being the preferred victor.

Bronstein claims that when Reshevsky serviced his strong contention late record the two-month event, the State prearranged several results in glee amongst themselves to successfully amphitheater Reshevsky's overall victory^{[15][publisher missing]} while besides ensuring that Reshevsky faced loftiness maximum test in his have a break games against the Soviet delegate.

Bronstein had earlier (1995) dense that he was ordered near the Soviet delegation leader determination win as Black against Reshevsky in the second cycle sleepy Zurich and managed to on the double so after a very bitter struggle.^[16] Several other writers, inclusive of GM Alexei Suetin (who was the second of Tigran Petrosian at Zurich 1953), also firm the Soviet collusion in Zurich.^[17]

Reshevsky qualified for one more Lea in 1967 but lost excellence subsequent quarterfinal match to Viktor Korchnoi the following year.

Olympiad results

Reshevsky competed eight times shield the US at the Cheat Olympiads, six times on , over a 37-year span, plateful the US team to increase by two the gold in 1937 additional bronze in 1974, and engaging an individual bronze medal realize his performance on board tighten up in 1950.

His complete sparing were (+39−12=49) in 100 joyfulness, for 63.5 percent. He artificial at Stockholm 1937, Dubrovnik 1950, Helsinki 1952, Munich 1958, Thresher Aviv 1964, Lugano 1968, Siegen 1970, and Nice 1974.

Match player

In 1952, New York hosted the first eight games tinge an informal match for "The Championship of the Free World" between Reshevsky and Polish-Argentine artist Miguel Najdorf.

An additional quint games were played in Mexico City and five more stop in midsentence San Salvador. Reshevsky won character match, 11–7. The following assemblage a rematch took place charge Buenos Aires. Reshevsky again won, 9½–8½.

In his long pursuit, Reshevsky proved a formidable stage player. In 1941, he downcast I. A. Horowitz in wonderful US Championship playoff match unused (+3−0=13).

In 1942, he downcast Isaac Kashdan by (+6−2=3). Blot 1952, he defeated Svetozar Gligorić by (+2−1=7). In 1956, be active defeated William Lombardy by (+1−0=5). In 1957, he defeated Character Bisguier by (+4−2=4). In 1957, he defeated Donald Byrne shy (+7−3=0). In 1960, he browbeaten Pal Benko by (+3−2=5).^[18]

Reshevsky left out his first match in 1964, but it was a four-game playoff match following the Amsterdam 1964 Interzonal, where he abstruse tied for 8th–9th with dignity Hungarian Champion Lajos Portisch.

Honourableness final spot for advancement relax the Candidates Match was timepiece stake and there was more or less time between the end bank the Interzonal and the act of the match. Reshevsky's before matches had always had unadorned lead time of several months, which allowed him to provide for his openings, but he deferential to be at a blurry disadvantage in this area at daggers drawn Portisch, who was a full-time chess professional and always utter in his opening preparation.

Reshevsky was quickly outplayed on blue blood the gentry White side of the Queen's Gambit Accepted in the supreme game and eventually fell forethought time in a lost pose. In the second game, explicit played sharply with Black, nevertheless Portisch was able to moderate the queens and a in a state of rooks, thus draining practically of the tension in primacy position.

A draw by threefold repetition of position soon ensued. In his last game connect with White, Reshevsky had to travel for broke. An Open Italian arose, but Portisch seized rendering initiative on the queenside; receipt gained a clear advantage, explicit was able to translate arrangement into a crushing kingside isolated, thus winning the match obtain the final Candidates spot.

Amsterdam 1964 was the first session between these two chess greats, and Portisch was to refurbish a difficult opponent for Reshevsky, whose lifetime score against him was (+0−4=9).

Reshevsky played signal top board for the Tantalizing in the 1955 team mate against the USSR, held encroach Moscow, and defeated World Gladiator Mikhail Botvinnik over four glee, winning one and drawing tierce.

Rivalry with Bobby Fischer

Once Officer Fischer made his debut eye age 14 in the Restricted Championship with the 1957–58 impede, he dominated completely, winning compute each of his eight attempts, leaving Reshevsky, the seven-time nark champion, back in the dry point pack. There was little affection lost between the two assign, separated by a generation redraft age.

Ahead of the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, Reshevsky reportedly said, "I would settle shield 19th place – if Chemist placed 20th."^[19] Reshevsky in detail won the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, with Fischer well back; this was the only age Reshevsky finished ahead of Chemist in an international tournament.

In 1961 Reshevsky began a 16-game match with the then-current Absolute Champion Fischer; it was give out staged in New York innermost Los Angeles.

Despite Fischer's brandnew meteoric rise, consensus opinion pet Reshevsky. After eleven games perch a tie score (two bombshells apiece with seven draws), glory match ended due to organized scheduling dispute between Fischer remarkable match organizer Jacqueline Piatigorsky, occur to Reshevsky receiving the winner's sayso of the prize fund.^[20]

In integrity 1967 SousseInterzonal, Fischer turned central point 53 minutes late (only vii minutes short of an automated time forfeiture) for his diversion with Reshevsky, and made cap opening move without a locution of apology.

Reshevsky, who difficult to understand been convinced that Fischer esoteric withdrawn from the tournament, absent the game badly and complained furiously to the organizers.^[21] Regardless of losing that game, Reshevsky late to the next stage. Reshevsky also refused to play usher the US team in birth Chess Olympiads of 1960, 1962 and 1966 because Fischer, chimp US champion, was chosen precocious of him for the take over board.

He did, however, in the long run consent to play on trim lower board in 1970, grandeur only time the two general public appeared in the same crew.

Although Reshevsky and Fischer locked away one of the fiercest rivalries in chess history, Fischer gravely respected the older champion, stating in the late 1960s make certain he thought Reshevsky was leadership strongest player in the replica in the mid-1950s.

This was around the time when Reshevsky defeated World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik in their four-game mini-match, which was the top board explain the US vs. USSR company match held in Moscow.

During his long chess career, Reshevsky played eleven of the extreme twelve world champions, from Emanuel Lasker to Anatoly Karpov, ethics only player to do ergo (he met Garry Kasparov on the other hand never played him).

He thwarted seven world champions: Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Bump Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Bobby Fischer.

Biography channel

Important tournament titles

Aside US Championships, Reshevsky's important meeting titles included: Syracuse 1934, Architect 1937–38, Leningrad/Moscow 1939, Hollywood 1945 (Pan American Championship), New Dynasty 1951 (Maurice Wertheim Memorial), Havana 1952, New York 1956 (Lessing Rosenwald Trophy), Dallas 1957, Haifa/Tel Aviv 1958, Buenos Aires 1960, Netanya 1969, Reykjavík Open 1984, at age 72.^[22]

Reshevsky competed extremely at least semi-regularly, virtually pending his death in New Dynasty City in 1992.

He thwarted old rival Vasily Smyslov draw a tournament game in 1991.

Style

Reshevsky was a tough with the addition of forceful player who was nonspecific at positional play but could also play brilliant tactical bromegrass when warranted. He often euphemistic pre-owned huge amounts of time expect the opening, which sometimes graceful him to play the acme of the game in systematic very short amount of stretch.

That sometimes unsettled Reshevsky's opponents, but at other times resulted in blunders on his zone. Reshevsky's inadequate study of integrity opening and his related propensity to fall into time power may have been the hypothesis that, despite his great forte, he never became world champion; he himself acknowledged this harvest his book on chess upsets.

This shortcoming was similarly respected by GM Larry Evans tight spot commentary contained in Fischer's softcover My 60 Memorable Games.^[23]

Reshevsky word-list in closed openings with decency white pieces, usually opening unwavering 1.d4, and was a master hand with the Exchange Variation have a good time the Queen's Gambit Declined.

Subside rarely opened with 1.e4 counter strong opposition. With the grimy pieces, he employed a ample and varied repertoire during potentate long career.

Contemporary American GM Arnold Denker complimented Reshevsky's slurred tenacity and fighting spirit mushroom noted that Reshevsky developed nifty vital advantage in his combined head-to-head battles with his basic American rival, GM Reuben Tapered, particularly in US Championships non-native the mid 1930s through justness early 1940s.

Trouble in party against Reshevsky was the keep on reason Fine was never fact to win the US Championship.^[24]

Writings

Reshevsky's books include Reshevsky on Chess (1948), How Chess Games Increase in value Won (1962), Great Chess Upsets (1976), and The Art delightful Positional Play (1978), as famously as an account of say publicly 1972 World Championship match betwixt his great rival Bobby Chemist and Boris Spassky.

He very wrote articles on chess let somebody see American Chess Bulletin, Chess The social order and Chess Review magazines, unthinkable for The New York Times.

Quotes

• "By playing slowly during glory early phases of a enterprise I am able to snatch the basic requirements of getting position. Then, despite being bolster time pressure, I have negation difficulty in finding the unlimited continuation.

  Incidentally, it is distinctive odd fact that more much than not it is dank opponent who gets the nerves when I am compelled entertain make these hurried moves."^{[citation needed]}

• His self-description, "My style is someplace between that of Tal enthralled Petrosian", is sometimes circulated although an ironic comment (given delay these two players are estimated to represent opposite extremes think likely style) but makes more confidence in its full context; implant his book Great Chess Upsets :

  I am essentially a positional player, although I can regulate an assault with precision boss vigor, when the opportunity arises.

  My style lies between digress of Tal and Petrosian. Put off is neither over-aggressive nor in addition passive. My strength consists carry-on a fighting spirit, a aggregate desire to win, and fine stubborn defense whenever in be important. I rarely become discouraged suppose an inferior situation, and Uproarious fear no one.^[25]

Notable games

Chessgames.com 10 game list.^[26]

• Reshevsky vs.

  Capablanca, 1935 1–0^[27]

• Lasker vs. Reshevsky, 1936 0–1^[28]
• Reshevsky vs.

• Ancien and character magic tablet kissanime

G Treysman, 1938 1–0^[29]

• Reshevsky vs. F Vasconcellos, 1944 1–0^[30]
• Botvinnik vs. Reshevsky, 1948 0–1^[31]
• Reshevsky vs. Najdorf, 1952 1–0^[32]
• Reshevsky vs. Petrosian, 1953 ½–½^[33]
• Szabo vs. Reshevsky, 1953 ½–½^[34]
• Reshevsky vs.

  Geller, 1953 ½–½^[35]

• Larry Evans vs. Reshevsky, 1963 ½–½^[36]
• Reshevsky vs. Fischer, 1961. 11-game match.^[37]

Books by Reshevsky

See also

References

Further reading

External links