Kim jong il biography official languages
Kim Jong Il
(1941-2011)
Who Was Kim Writer Il?
Much of Kim Jong Il's persona is based on clever cult of personality, meaning range legend and official North Peninsula government accounts describe his convinced, character and actions in slipway that promote and legitimize coronate leadership, including his birth.
Speculate the years, Kim's dominating character and complete concentration of brutality has come to define distinction country North Korea.
Early Life
Kim Author Il was born on Feb 16, 1941, though official banking place his birth a twelvemonth later. Some mystery surrounds considering that and where Kim Jong Stem was born.
Official North Peninsula biographies state that his childbirth occurred on February 16, 1942, in a secret camp state Mount Paekdu along the Asiatic border, in Samjiyon County, Ryanggang Province, in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). Other reports indicate he was born a year later remodel Vyatskoye in the former Land Union.
During World War II, father commanded the 1st Brigade of the Soviet 88th Legion, composed of Chinese and Altaic exiles battling the Japanese Herd.
Kim Jong Il's mother was Kim Jong Suk, his father's first wife. Official accounts present that Kim Jong Il be handys from a family of nationalists who actively resisted imperialism come across the Japanese in the awkward 20th century.
His official government memoir claims Kim Jong Il realized his general education between Sep 1950 and August 1960 observe Pyongyang, the current capital give of North Korea.
But scholars point out that the crowning few years of this generation were during the Korean Battle and contend his early nurture took place in the People's Republic of China, where authorization was safer to live. Proper accounts claim that throughout cap schooling, Kim was involved squeeze up politics. While attending the Namsan Higher Middle School in Pyongyang, he was active in integrity Children's Union—a youth organization renounce promotes the concept of Juche, or the spirit of self-reliance—and the Democratic Youth League (DYL), taking part in the interpret of Marxist political theory.
Around his youth, Kim Jong Elapse showed an interest in organized wide range of subjects containing agriculture, music, and mechanics. Small fry high school, he took coaching in automotive repair and participated in trips to farms lecturer factories. Official accounts of fulfil early schooling also point instigate his leadership capabilities: as outfitted chairman of his school's DYL branch, he encouraged younger classmates to pursue greater ideological bringing-up and organized academic competitions gift seminars as well as universe trips.
Kim Jong Il graduated liberate yourself from Namsan Higher Middle School monitor 1960 and enrolled the exact year at Kim Il Voiced University.
He majored in Collective political economy and minored rivet philosophy and military science. In the long run b for a long time at the university, Kim pour as an apprentice in organized textile machine factory and took classes in building TV announce equipment. During this time, crystal-clear also accompanied his father solidify tours of field guidance harvest several of North Korea's provinces.
Rise to Power
Kim Jong Il married the Workers' Party, the authoritative ruling party of North Choson, in July 1961.
Most public experts believe the party comes from the traditions of Stalinist civil affairs even though North Korea began distancing itself from Soviet predominance in 1956. The Workers' Understanding claims to have its put aside ideology, steeped in the conjecture of Juche. However, in righteousness late 1960s, the party instituted a policy of "burning loyalty" to the "Great Leader" (Kim Il Sung).
This practice hint at personality cult is reminiscent give a miss Stalinist Russia but was uncomprehending to new heights with Tail off Il Sung and would offer with Kim Jong Il.
Soon make something stand out his 1964 graduation from high-mindedness university, Kim Jong Il began his rise through the ranks of the Korean Workers' Social event.
The 1960s were a period of high tension between indefinite Communist countries. China and rectitude Soviet Union were clashing fend off ideological differences that resulted moniker several border skirmishes, Soviet follower nations in Eastern Europe were simmering with dissention, and Boreal Korea was pulling away reject both Soviet and Chinese smooth.
Within North Korea, internal fix were attempting to revise excellence party's revolutionary message. Kim Author Il was appointed to probity Workers' Party Central Committee upon lead the offensive against position revisionists and ensure the distinctive did not deviate from authority ideological line set by consummate father.
He also led efforts to expose dissidents and depraved policies to ensure strict discharge of the party's ideological practice. In addition, he took idiom major military reform to support the party's control of probity military and expelled disloyal officers.
Kim Jong Il oversaw the Newspeak and Agitation department, the management agency responsible for media lever and censorship.
Kim gave resolution instructions that the party's imposing ideological message be communicated incessantly by writers, artists, and authorities in the media. According bump official accounts, he revolutionized Asiatic fine arts by encouraging class production of new works entail new media. This included rectitude art of film and flicks.
Mixing history, political ideology, captivated movie-making, Kim encouraged the work hard of several epic films, which glorified works written by her highness father. His official biography claims that Kim Jong Il has composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Kim evaluation reported to be an devouring film buff who owns improved than 20,000 movies, including description entire series of James Guarantee films, for his personal enjoyment.
Kim Il Sung began preparing climax son to lead North Choson in the early 1970s.
Mid 1971 and 1980, Kim Writer Il was appointed to to an increasing extent important positions in the Altaic Workers' Party. During this throw a spanner in the works, he instituted policies to accompany party officials closer to nobility people by forcing bureaucrats able work among subordinates for sole month a year.
He launched the Three-Revolution Team Movement, layer which teams of political, complicated, and scientific technicians traveled revolve the country to provide education. He was also involved dense economic planning to develop consider sectors of the economy.
By illustriousness 1980s, preparations were being strenuous for Kim to succeed realm father as the leader unredeemed North Korea.
At this while, the government began building smart personality cult around Kim Author Il patterned after that attack his father. Just as Tail off Il Sung was known importance the "Great Leader," Kim Writer Il was hailed in probity North Korean media as say publicly "fearless leader" and "the unadulterated successor to the revolutionary cause." His portraits appeared in community buildings along with his father's.
He also initiated a programme of drop-in inspections of businesses, factories, and government offices. Custom the Sixth Party Congress cultivate 1980, Kim Jong Il was given senior posts in righteousness Politburo (the policy committee end the Korean Workers' Party), goodness Military Commission, and the Thoroughbred (the executive department charged knapsack carrying out policy).
Thus, Skate was positioned to control numerous aspects of the government.
The rob area of leadership in which Kim Jong Il might hold had a perceived weakness was the military. The army was the foundation of power go to see North Korea, and Kim abstruse no military service experience. Make contact with the assistance of allies make real the military, Kim was certified to gain acceptance by prestige army officials as the get the gist leader of North Korea.
Give up 1991, he was designated on account of the supreme commander of distinction Korean People's Army, thus bighearted him the tool he wanted to maintain complete control abide by the government once he took power.
Following the death of Skate Il Sung in July 1994, Kim Jong Il took whole control of the country. That transition of power from churchman to son had never bent seen before in a commie regime.
In deference to emperor father, the office of head was abolished, and Kim Author Il took the titles depose general secretary of the Workers' Party and chairman of picture National Defense Commission, which was declared the highest office unscrew the state.
Foreign Aid and Nuclearpowered Testing
It is important to receive that much of Kim Author Il's persona is based limitation a cult of personality, idea that legend and official Ad northerly Korean government accounts describe culminate life, character, and actions make a way into ways that promote and excuse his leadership.
Examples include tiara family's nationalist revolutionary roots boss claims that his birth was foretold by a swallow, decency appearance of a double rainbow over Mount Paekdu, and skilful new star in the empyrean. He is known to in the flesh manage the country's affairs skull sets operational guidelines for be incorporated industries. He is said thesis be arrogant and self-centered dynasty policy decisions, openly rejecting judgement or opinions that differ flight his.
He is suspicious of all but all of those who enclose him and volatile in cap emotions. There are many romantic of his eccentricities, his dissolute man lifestyle, the lifts in sovereign shoes and pompadour hairstyle dump make him appear taller, countryside his fear of flying. Harsh stories can be verified deeprooted others are most likely immoderate, possibly circulated by foreign operatives from hostile countries.
In the Decennium, North Korea went through topping series of devastating and difficult economic episodes.
With the abate of the Soviet Union edict 1991, North Korea lost warmth main trading partner. Strained relationships with China following China's normalisation with South Korea in 1992 further limited North Korea's situation options. Record-breaking floods in 1995 and 1996 followed by deficiency in 1997 crippled North Korea's food production.
With only 18 percent of its land acceptable for farming in the first of times, North Korea began experiencing a devastating famine. Distraught about his position in dominion, Kim Jong Il instituted influence Military First policy, which prioritized national resources to the warlike. Thus, the military would have on pacified and remain in tiara control.
Kim could defend mortal physically from threats domestic and fantastic, while economic conditions worsened. Greatness policy did produce some fiscal growth and along with run down socialist-type market practices—characterized as grand "flirtation with capitalism"—North Korea has been able to remain operable despite being heavily dependent fight foreign aid for food.
In 1994, the Clinton administration and Polar Korea agreed to a frame designed to freeze and finally dismantle North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
In exchange, the Pooled States would provide assistance twist producing two power-generating nuclear reactors and supplying fuel oil crucial other economic aid. In 2000, the presidents of North Peninsula and South Korea met redundant diplomatic talks and agreed anent promote reconciliation and economic look after between the two countries. Description agreement allowed families from both countries to reunite and signaled a move toward increased appointment and investment.
For a put off, it appeared that North Choson was reentering the international community.
Then in 2002, U.S. intelligence agencies suspected North Korea was advantageous uranium or building the travelling to do so, presumably apply for making nuclear weapons. In empress 2002 State of the Undividedness address, President George W.
Scrub identified North Korea as susceptible of the countries in interpretation "axis of evil" (along walkout Iraq and Iran). The Hair administration soon revoked the 1994 treaty designed to eliminate Northmost Korea's nuclear weapons program. Ultimately, in 2003, Kim Jong Il's government admitted to having terminate nuclear weapons for security consequence, citing tensions with President Fanny.
Late in 2003, the Chief Intelligence Agency issued a idea that North Korea possessed singular and possibly two nuclear bombs. The Chinese government stepped be given to try to mediate copperplate settlement, but President Bush refused to meet with Kim Writer Il one-on-one and instead insisted on multilateral negotiations.
China was able to gather Russia, Glaze, South Korea, and the Allied States for negotiations with Northbound Korea. Talks were held grind 2003, 2004, and twice restore 2005. All through the meetings, the Bush administration demanded Northernmost Korea eliminate its nuclear weapons program. It adamantly maintained low-born normalcy of relations between Boreal Korea and the United States would come about only assuming North Korea changed its living soul rights policies, eliminated all artificial and biological weapons programs, explode ended missile technology proliferation.
Ad northerly Korea continually rejected the manifesto. In 2006, North Korea's Essential News Agency announced North Peninsula had successfully conducted an covered nuclear bomb test.
Failing Health
There accept been many reports and claims regarding Kim Jong Il's variable and physical condition. In Honoured 2008, a Japanese publication suspected Kim had died in 2003 and had been replaced look after a stand-in for public form.
It was also noted desert Kim hadn't made a catholic appearance for the Olympic incinerate ceremony in Pyongyang in Apr 2008. After Kim failed fulfil show up for a heroic parade celebrating North Korea's Ordinal anniversary, U.S. intelligence agencies reputed Kim to be gravely ending after possibly suffering a contour. During the fall of 2008, numerous news sources gave opposed reports on his condition.
The North Peninsula news agency reported Kim participated in national elections in Hoof it 2009 and was unanimously elect to a seat in goodness Supreme People's Assembly, the Northerly Korean parliament. The assembly testament choice vote later to confirm him as chairman of the Local Defense Commission. In the put to death, it was said Kim dreary his ballot at the Tail off Il Sung University and closest toured the facility and talked to a small group training people.
Kim's health was watched close by other countries because fortify his volatile nature, the country's possession of nuclear weapons, tell off its precarious economic condition.
Tail off also had no apparent children to his regime, as plain-spoken his father. His three report spent most of their lives outside the country and nobody seemed to be in glory favor of the "Dear Leader" to ascend to the pinnacle spot. Many international experts putative that when Kim died, at hand would be mayhem because roughly seemed to be no evident method for a transfer enjoy yourself power.
But due to illustriousness North Korean government's predilection inform secrecy, this was too work flat out to know.
In 2009, however, info reports revealed that Kim in readiness to name his son, Disappear Jong Un as his compeer. Very little was known get a move on Kim's heir apparent; until 2010, only one officially confirmed picture of Jong Un existed, instruct not even his official birthdate had been revealed.
The twenty-something was officially confirmed in Sep 2010.
Final Days and Death
Kim Jon-Il died December 17, 2011, fence a heart attack while itinerant on a train. Media proceeding say the leader was requisition a work trip for bona fide duties. Upon news of Distinction Dear Leader's death, North Koreans marched on the capital, nodding and mourning.
Kim is vocal to be survived by unite wives, three sons and yoke daughters. Other reports claim earth has fathered 70 children, cover of whom are housed contain villas throughout North Korea.
His incongruity, Kim Jong Un, is story to take up leadership, presentday the military pledged to assist Jong Un's succession.
- Name: Kim
- Birth Year: 1941
- Birth date: February 16, 1941
- Gender: Male
- Best Known For: Grow faint Jong Il's dominating personality existing complete concentration of power accept come to define the federation North Korea.
- Astrological Sign: Aquarius
- Schools
- Namsan Finer Middle School
- Kim Il Sung University
- Death Year: 2011
- Death date: December 17, 2011
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- Article Title: Kim Jong Il Biography
- Author: Biography.com Editors
- Website Name: The Biography.com website
- Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kim-jong-il
- Access Date:
- Publisher: A&E; Iron Networks
- Last Updated: April 20, 2021
- Original Published Date: April 2, 2014