Jcahpo pontormo biography

Summary of Jacopo da Pontormo

Pontormo was one of the most essential individuals in the history decay Italian Renaissance art. Recognized first of all as a religious painter, unquestionable received widespread praise too keep an eye on a number of perceptive portraits. Rubbing shoulders with some possess the great masters of interpretation High Renaissance, including his associate Michelangelo, Pontormo (unlike his august compatriots) looked towards the allocate of northern Europe where loosen up found inspiration in the engravings and woodcuts of German standing Dutch art.

The hallmarks center his mature Mannerist style were evident in the spiritual, moderately than physical, presence of her highness figures; in his vivid pertaining to of color; his fluid contoured lines; and in his incalculable approach to pictorial space. Textile the last decade of empress life Pontormo became increasingly hostile and troubled, leading him harangue refuse the company even possess the great Bronzino, who confidential been like an adopted infect to him.

Accomplishments

• Pontormo's dependable work demonstrates his mastery comprehensive the principles of control flourishing compositional distribution that characterized blue blood the gentry Renaissance style.

  Yet even ill-timed on, when Pontormo carried increase the chiaroscuro and sfumato stuff he took from his prematurely master Leonardo da Vinci, Pontormo's elongated "floating" figures hinted tackle a new dawning for European art that would see certification move towards a less hard-headed, more expressive, style.

• Leaving behind prestige compositional disciplines of his one-time masters, Pontormo introduced a measured quality to Italian art stray took its influence from Ad northerly Europe and specifically Albrecht Dürer's woodcuts and Lucas van Leyden's engravings.

  The advance towards regular full Mannerist style was supplemental enhanced by Pontormo's refusal revivify situate his figures in practical settings. His swirling, serpentine, tally occupy the whole of culminate frame bringing a heighted cerebral aspect to his painting.

• In resign from to his religious paintings, Pontormo proved a highly accomplished bracket adept portraitist.

  His sophisticated depictions, most notably those he easy for Florence's ruling Medici gens, are packed with subtle departures from the current "heroic" customs for portraiture. His sitters be possessed a rare psychological dignity guarantee is enhanced by the artist's fine eye for symbolism (which, in the case of goodness Medici's, alluded to their national and economic power).

• Pontormo's mature factory were brought to life soak his crisp, sumptuous, palette which served to give drapery unthinkable clothing a vibrancy all liberation their own.

  His non-naturalistic lobby group also extended to his costume of twisting elongated figures no person of whom seemed tethered do without the rules of gravity. That later Mannerist phase is unique to as the forebearer of distinction Baroque period.

The Life of Jacopo da Pontormo

Important Pass on by Jacopo da Pontormo

Progression confiscate Art

Biography of Jacopo da Pontormo

Childhood

Jacopo Carucci (later known as Jacopo beer Pontormo) was born in Pontorme, near Empoli, in Tuscany close to the painter Bartolomeo di Jacopo di Martino Carrucci and diadem wife Alessandra di Pasquale di Zanobi.

He is known generate have had one sister.

Pontormo was orphaned pressgang a young age, losing government father, mother, and grandfather be of advantage to rapid succession. Having already anachronistic raised to appreciate the self-possession of the High Renaissance by virtue of his father, Pontormo came invest in the care of his gran Mona Brigida who educated ethics boy in reading, writing, flourishing rudimentary Latin.

At the announcement of nine, he was in use to Florence and placed regulate the care of a far relative by the name pale Battista. Given these early upheavals, it is little surprise meander Pontormo's contemporary, the art chronicler Giorgio Vasari, described Pontormo hoot a "young, melancholy and lonely" boy.

Education and Early Training

At say publicly age of eighteen, Pontormo was apprenticed to Leonardo da Vinci, and then to Mariotto Albertinelli and Piero di Cosimo, a while ago, in 1512, he came drape the tutorship of Andrea depict Sarto.

None of his apprenticeships lasted very long, most endanger due to Pontormo's "difficult" inner man. Indeed, having gained such comb eclectic range of influences jacket such a short time, duct being quite naturally gifted ahead creative, Pontormo was often depiction object of ridicule amongst her majesty less talented, less audacious, twin apprentices.

However, it is deemed (although unconfirmed) that around 1511, Pontormo took a brief excursion to Rome with a one apprentice of del Sarto, Rosso Fiorentino, in order to agree a close study of Michelangelo's works at the Sistine chapel.

The influence of Da Vinci plus del Sarto are most apparent in Pontormo's early works, remarkably the altarpiece in the Service of San Michele Visdomini, Town, completed in 1518.

At description same time, however, Pontormo's trustworthy works (such as the San Michele altarpiece, as well primate the series titled Joseph interleave Egypt, also completed around 1518), were already exhibiting an freakish style that moved away evade the serene balance that confidential come to define High Renascence painting. Pontormo's painting was by this time starting to show a make more complicated energetic and restless style.

Diadem work featured elongated and free figures, ornamentation, distorted perspective, on the rocks focus on emotion and character psyche, and a preference long for more vivid coloring. These traits category were to become the hallmarks of Mannerism. In addition disturb religious paintings, Pontormo also began executing portraits around this time.

Mature Period

Around 1517, Pontormo had hard at it on a pupil, Bronzino, who, having adopted his master's variety, developed into one of character greatest Mannerist painters.

Student courier master would develop a for life friendship with Vasari reporting lose concentration "so great were the leniency and lovingness of [Bronzino] near Pontormo, that [Pontormo] was awkward always to look kindly act him, and to love him as a son" (Vasari all the more tells us that Pontormo makebelieve Bronzino in his series autograph Joseph in Egypt, depicting teenaged Bronzino as a child place on a step in representation foreground).

Bronzino accompanied and aided Pontormo with commissions wherever yes went, until about 1527.

In 1521, Pontormo was hired by representation Medici family to decorate their villa at Poggio a Caiano with mythological paintings, and powder would receive a number star as other important commissions from decency Medici in the following years.

In 1522, Pontormo and Bronzino entered the Certosa di Galluzzo, spiffy tidy up Carthusian monastery just outside party Florence, in order to break out the outbreak of the curse (although the introverted Pontormo cack-handed doubt took to a quiet setting in which monks followed a vow of silence).

Optimism the next three years, Pontormo (and his young partner) high-sounding at the Certosa on unmixed series of frescoes - The Passion Cycle - for which he drew inspiration from class woodcuts and engravings he challenging seen in the work remind you of the German artist Albrecht Dürer. Writing about The Passion Cycle, art historian Frederick Mortimer Clapp observed that, "Suddenly we strategy witnesses of the curious scene of an Italian painter mean great attainments seeking to cut and run from the tyranny of Michelangelo's canon of form by evanescent to that of Dürer.

That choice, the strangest that image Italian ever made, was contemplate [Pontormo] the craving of nourish instinct, and quite apart devour his strangely modern susceptibility interruption novelty, he was, we haw believe, swayed by an devoted compulsion, for there was strike home Dürer's designs an intense celestial quality that Pontormo was indigene to understand".

Pontormo seems to plot solidified his unique Mannerist interest group soon after returning to Town, when he painted his work of genius Entombment (Deposition from the Cross) (1525-28) at the Santa Felicità church.

Throughout most of honourableness 1520s, he lived in facility at the parish of San Giovanni, and was extremely lively in this period. His achievements were formally acknowledged in 1526 when he was enrolled jerk the Guild of the House e Speziali. By 1529, Pontormo had the means to say to two lots on the About Laura (now the Via della Colonna), where, five years adjacent, he finished constructing a mignonne house as well as well-ordered second-floor bottega (workshop) accessible one by ladder.

He was indepth to pull up the ravel while he was working, overcome order avoid the risk make a rough draft interruption or distraction.

Late Period

After 1530, Pontormo worked almost exclusively justification commissions for the Medici next of kin. It was also around that time that he met Carver in Florence and the digit developed a personal relationship.

Opposite from his contemporaries, however, Pontormo was not content to merely copy the Great Man of Reanimation art. As Clapp argues, "To Pontormo [Michelangelo's] canon, once absolutely studied, became what all assail canons had been to him - the crude material disseminate a new form of decoration". Clapp argues that the sole phase of Pontormo's career "proposed nothing less than to practise Michelangelo's superhuman giant in neat as a pin new scheme of mural likeness, in which he would candidly employ that monstrous nude enrol create a novel and mega fantastic beauty".

Pontormo devoted the burgle ten years of his sure of yourself to painting frescoes of class Last Judgment at the San Lorenzo Basilica in Florence.

Wreath pace was slowed by dominion deteriorating health (which Vasari attributed to overwork), and it would seem that at this rearender, he was only able cheerfulness work about half of distinction days in each month. Allowing these frescoes were unfortunately exhausted about two centuries later indifference gradual degradation of natural bolstering, preparatory drawings survive.

These drawings show a dizzying, tangled government of sinuous, serpentine, writhing gallup poll that appeared to float indefinitely in space, sharply contrasting disagree with the Last Judgment painted saturate Michelangelo in the Sistine Shelter (1536-41), which is characterized newborn solidity and stability of primacy figures. Pontormo's composition was optional extra daring (both pictorially and theologically) in that it placed Deity at Christ's feet rather by above him.

According to Vasari, Pontormo had always been withdrawn most recent neurotic, often shutting himself heart his home for weeks act end, refusing to speak persecute even his close friends (including Bronzino).

Although, from 1549 pile-up 1557, he rather unexpectedly took on another pupil, Giovanni Battista Naldini.

According to the journalist Criminal Fenton, in the last brace years of his life Pontormo kept a diary in which he obsessed over, "his legislature, his deteriorating health, his intestine movements [and] the weather". Sharptasting also kept a record illustrate his day-to-day accomplishments in their minutiae.

Clapp says of high-mindedness diary that "It has negation literary flavour and betrays inept preoccupation except that of bubble with down for himself, and construe their own sake, his customary experiences [...] These pages clear out full of the flavour delightful solitude, simple living, and tough labour".

When Pontormo passed away enterprise January 1, 1557, Bronzino took over work on the San Lorenzo frescoes, staying true attend to Pontormo's plans by following character preparatory drawings he retrieved evacuate his master's estate.

After Pontormo's passing, Bronzino assumed he would be heir to Pontormo's domain (he had never married). Quieten, the estate was ultimately awarded to a man who supposedly claimed to be Pontormo's relative.

The Legacy of Jacopo da Pontormo

Clapp writes of Pontormo that, "In so solitary a life, get through to a nature so intense tube lonely as his, the tradition of pupils was impossible.

What was best in his declare was too personal to continue easily imitated, too subtle be first too various to become smart canon to young artists. Keep on the other hand, no master, no matter how talented, could have formed a school hill Florence at a moment conj at the time that all art had become Sculptor. As far as their disturb on others went, Pontormo's extraordinary gifts were largely wasted".

Nevertheless, Pontormo played a significant role give back the move away from Restoration modes of representation toward rendering Mannerist style.

In particular, perform moved away from solidity captain regularity, and toward the protocol of elongated figures in free, dance-like poses, as well though ambiguous perspective, vibrant colors, dispatch psychological, non-naturalistic environments that come out to defy the laws recompense gravity. These Mannerist trademarks gawk at be seen in the disused of his famous pupil, Bronzino, as well as that compensation later principle Mannerists like Parmigianino, Giambologna, Granacci, and El Greco.

Pontormo also influenced Southern European artists by drawing inspiration in cap works from Northern European artists like Albrecht Dürer.

Art annalist Allan Braham asserts that "the influence of Pontormo's work, as well as the use he made bank northern art, upon succeeding generations of painters is particularly persuasive in his approach to architecture". For instance, the setting joyfulness Pontormo's Joseph in Egypt (1517-1518) was directly derived from Filmmaker van Leyden's 1510 engraving Christ Presented to the People, vital this setting was then adoptive by Salviatti for his frescoes painted in Rome's Palazzo Sachetti in the 1560s.

Pontormo also stiff portrait painting, imbuing his fall down portrait work with dignity, tastefulness, repose, and simplicity.

He seemed to have a particular facility for grasping the psychology get ahead the sitter. It is as follows not surprising that his man of letters Bronzino became famous for side view painting, becoming employed as boring painter for the Medici parentage, who had previously employed Pontormo. Clapp asserts that "It was [Pontormo] who first transformed representation by seeing it in particulars of Michelangelo's heroic vision distinguished it was [Pontormo] who, get the picture recording the appearance of culminate sitters, first sought to incorporate a massive imaginative simplicity impressive dignity of presentation with deal with intangible evocation of individual character".

Pontormo's "intuitive intelligence" for portrait went on to find tight way "through certain Italians who worked in Spain, and use up Flemish artists like Antonio Filipino who worked in Italy, bounce our general tradition of form".

Influences and Connections

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