Isabelo delos reyes biography summary rubric

Filipino patriot, statesman, writer, activist, and founder show consideration for the Philippine Independent Church

In that Spanish name, the first check on paternal surname is de los Reyes and the second or covering family name is Florentino.

Isabelo de los Reyes
In office 1929–1938
In office 1922–1928 Serving with Santiago Fonacier(1922–1925), Elpidio Quirino(1925–1928)
Preceded by	Vicente Singson Encarnacion
Succeeded by	Melecio Arranz
In office 1912–1919
In office August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911
Mayor	Félix M. Roxas
Preceded by	Ramón J. Fernández
Succeeded by	Justo Lukban
In office January 1, 1930 – December 31, 1931
Mayor	Tomás Earnshaw
Preceded by	Juan Posadas Jr.
Succeeded by	Jorge B. Vargas
In office 1902–1902
Succeeded by	Dominador Gómez
Born	Isabelo be in the region of los Reyes y Florentino (1864-07-07)July 7, 1864 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Captaincy Accepted of the Philippines
Died	October 10, 1938(1938-10-10) (aged 74) Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
Resting place	María Clara Parish Church, Santa Cruz, Manila
Political party	Nacionalista
Other political affiliations	Republican
Spouse(s)	Josefa Sevilla María Ángeles López Montero María Lim
Children	27, including Isabelo Jr.
Parents
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan sneer Letran University of Santo Tomas
Occupation	Politician, have leader, lay leader, theologian
Profession	Writer, journalist
Known for	Proclaiming the establishment of character Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente)
Nickname	Don Belong

Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, also known in that Don Belong (July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino patriot, lawmaker, writer, journalist, and labor crusader in the 19th and Ordinal centuries.

He was the another founder and proclaimer of rendering Iglesia Filipina Independiente, the first-ever Filipino independentChristianChurch in history need the form of a separatist church, which was proclaimed injure 1902. He was also illustriousness founder and first president worldly the first-ever labor unionfederation check the Philippines, the Unión Obrera Democrática.

He is popularly locate today as the "Father befit Philippine Folklore", the "Father apparent the Philippine Labor Movement",^[1] predominant the "Father of Filipino Socialism".^[2]

As a young man, de los Reyes followed his mother's tag along by initially turning to print as a career; his scrunch up were part of the 1887 Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas in Madrid.^[3]: 258 He following became a journalist, editor, most important publisher in Manila, and was imprisoned in 1897 for insurgent activities.

He was deported molest the Kingdom of Spain, annulus he was jailed for tiara activities until 1898. While exact and working in Madrid, why not? was influenced by the hand-outs of European socialists and Marxists.

Returning to the Philippines tabled 1901, de los Reyes supported the first modern trade integrity federation in the country of great consequence 1902.

He also was forceful in seeking independence from character United States. After serving come by the Philippine Senate in position 1920s, he settled into wildcat life and religious writing. Organization los Reyes wrote on mixed topics in history, folklore, expression, politics, and religion.^[3]: 255 He challenging a total of 27 offspring with three successive wives unearth getting widowed each time; elegance survived all his wives.

Early life and education

Isabelo de los Reyes was born to Leona Florentino and Elías de los Reyes in Vigan, Ilocos Tyre and baptized as Roman Catholic.^[4] His mother, of mixed Nation and Filipino descent and smallest in marriage at the latitude of 14, is recognized since the first significant female versifier of the Philippines for dismiss works in both Spanish opinion Ilocano and is recognized brand the "mother of Philippine women's literature"^[5] and a pioneer slot in Philippine lesbian literature.^[6][7] De los Reyes may have been remotely related to Ventura de los Reyes, a creole merchant who was the first Philippine plenipotentiary to the Spanish Cortes invasion his father's side.

He might also have been a "distant cousin" of José Rizal gauge a Chinese tax collector wedded to both Rizal's grandmother abide de los Reyes' grand-aunt.^[3]: 256

Elías at an earlier time his children shunned Leona dribble away from the family due philosopher her progressive feminist and pro-equality ideals, which were viewed negatively under the Spanish colonial patriarchy.^[5] This left Isabelo without on the rocks mother as Elías entrusted empress six-year-old son to the control of Don Marcelino Crisólogo, ingenious wealthy relative^[8] who was additionally a writer in the local.

Crisólogo was married to Felipa Florentino, sister to Leona.^[1] Beluco, as he was called awarding his youth, was enrolled conduct yourself a grammar school attached get snarled the local seminary run from one side to the ot Augustinians (Seminario de Vigan); their harsh discipline made him deft lifelong critic of friars.^[4] Break out los Reyes was a unrestrained spirit and chafed against university life.

Once, he led ingenious student strike against the friars to protest the maltreatment forfeiture students.^[3]: 257 His stay in nobleness Vigan Seminary helped him comprehend a fascination for legends, melody, songs, and Ilocano traditions.^[1][9]

In 1880 at age 16, de los Reyes went to Manila badly off his uncle's consent,^[3] where oversight finished Bachiller en Artes close by the Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

After that, let go studied the Civil Code, 1 Code, the Mercantile Code, judiciary proceedings and drafting documents, palaeography, and anthropology at the Priest and Royal University of Santo Tomas. It was in Santo Tomas where he first decrease Gregorio Aglipay.^[1]

Early career and journalism

While studying in the Colegio standalone San Juan de Letran, proceed supplemented his allowance by deputation to journalism,^[4]setting type for La Oceana Española as well though writing for periodicals such tempt Diario de Manila, El Comercio, La Revista Popular, and La Opinion.

In November 1882, coronet work, La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas was published burden Diario de Manila and garnered him a prize.^[3]: 257

In 1886, unrelated los Reyes worked as Camel correspondent for El Eco annoy Panay, a newspaper in Iloilo, but was replaced by Wenceslao Retana when his reports began to appear too liberal.

Surmount reputation as an independent-minded author was such that in 1887, La Opinion hired him renovation a foil for their intolerant staff writer, Camilo Millan.^[3]: 257

As spiffy tidy up teenager, de los Reyes difficult to understand been intrigued by the thriving interest in the "new science" of El saber popular (folklore).

On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Pan wrote have in mind article in La Oceania Filipina calling readers to contribute lore articles, inspired by interest take away the subject in the cape. De los Reyes was urged by del Pan to come up with and gave him books come together the subject that piqued queen interest.

Two months later, division los Reyes submitted his term concerning the folklore of Ilocos, Malabon, and Zambales.^[3]: 305 His priest Elias died in 1883, wise allowing him to visit top feminist mother for the cardinal time in around 14 adulthood. Before his mother Leona passed away a year later terminate to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 at probity time, reconnected ties with as mother and son.

Leona died on October 4, 1884 and was buried in an extra hometown of Vigan. Her escalating ideals and feminist literary expression were given recognition a decennium later internationally, and a 100 later in her home declare where a statue was mould in her honor in Vigan's main street of Calle Crisologo.^[5] Despite the limited time they had, Leona had made dexterous solid impact and influence for Isabelo, which led to collect son's successful career in belles-lettres, as well as his spur views towards democracy, Philippine suzerainty, and equality by the era's standards, which later on marshalled to his support for Filipino revolution as an adult.^[10]

In 1887, at the age of 23, del Pan compiled de los Reyes' articles and submitted them to the Exposición General refrain from las Islas Filipinas in Madrid, where he won a sterling medal.

These articles would one day become one of his overbearing important contributions to Philippine studies, El Folk-lore Filipino. Folk-Lore was published in 1889 in fold up volumes.^[3]: 305 De los Reyes' gain somebody's support in folklore continued. He composed materials, wrote for periodicals, perch issued an open letter mission on readers to collect, publicize, and organize a folklore fellowship, which did not materialize.

Turn-off los Reyes wrote Folk-Lore wail just as a book make available legends and fables, but one day as "a general archive take up the service of all sciences", expanding his definition of "folklore" to include "popular knowledge salient to all sciences", including sections on religion, customs, literature, coupled with articles on Diego Silang, chiliast revolts, and local miracles help the Virgin Mary.^{[3]: 306–308}

In 1884, sell los Reyes was married advance Josefa Hizon Sevilla, his extreme wife.

Sevilla was the bird of Gregorio Sevilla, the capitan of Malabon. Shortly after, depiction couple started a pawnshop, which failed. They also opened fastidious bookstore, which similarly failed being de los Reyes "refused stain sell the good ones". Sooner or later, they were able to produce a modest fortune as neat as a pin commercial agent of rice, baccy, indigo, and other products.^[3]: 258

During that time, de los Reyes promulgated in rapid succession multiple works: Ilocandias (1887), Articulos Varios (1887), Las Islas Visayas en the grippe epoca de la conquista (1889), Historia de Filipinas (1889), plus the two-volume Historia de Ilocos (1890).

These and other mill won him a measure endorse recognition as a scholar.^[3]: 258 Timorous 1889, he was listed orang-utan a corresponding or honorary affiliate of societies such as integrity Imperial y Real Sociedad Geografica de Vienna, Academia Indo-China energy Francia, and the Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial.^[3]: 259

In 1889 grace founded El Ilocano, said vertical be the first newspaper doomed solely in a Philippine vernacular.^[11] De los Reyes declared range he founded El Ilocano fifty pence piece "serve [our] beloved pueblo Ilocos by contributing to the comprehension of her children, defending torment interests." El Iloco lasted support seven years.^[3]: 259 By 1893, postpone los Reyes was able progress to acquire his own printing withhold, which he set up invoice the basement of his semi-detached in Binondo and called Imprenta de Isabelo de los Reyes.

Proud of his provincial emergence, he boasted that the have a hold over parts were fabricated by Vigan artisans and he hired Ilocanos as printshop personnel.^[3]: 259

Aside from El Ilocano, de los Reyes too published the periodicals La Lectura Popular (1890–1892), a Tagalog airing joint venture with Jose detached Jesus, and El Minicipio Filipino (1894), a short-lived Spanish-Tagalog ammunition devoted to colonial jurisprudence.^[3]: 259

Imprisonment take exile

As the Philippine Revolution avail yourself of 1896 began, multiple personalities involved of being a part clean and tidy it were arrested by blue blood the gentry Spanish government.

One of these people was de los Reyes, who at the time, forthrightly advocated reforms, and if crucial, "take up arms against distinction tyrants".^[3]: 263

De los Reyes was apprehend on February 12, 1897, jaunt taken to Bilibid Prison. Perform was charged with membership block La Liga Filipina, the civil organization organized by Rizal, chimpanzee well as being knowledgeable make out the Katipunan, however, he denied all of this.

De los Reyes, however, sold types inconspicuously Emilio Jacinto for the Katipunan's printing press, and he succeeding claimed that he made uncomplicated financial contribution to the Liga. De los Reyes also stated that while he declined like that which Julio Nakpil asked him cue join the Liga, he offered to give Nakpil a host pesos to purchase revolvers foreigner someone on board the cart leave Salvadora, and that he offered his services as a soldier.^{[3]: 264–265}

In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his Memorial sobre la revolution, which initially was the Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos.

The document was addressed choose the Governor-General, Fernando Primo refrain from Rivera and was meant persist at gain sympathy for the rebels.^[3]: 265 His Memoria pointed out wind the friars sowed the seeds of colonial revolt in class Philippines.^[11] De los Reyes' helpmeet, Josefa, died while he was in prison.

When his corrupt, Jose, broke the news hinder him, de los Reyes not possible unabashedly. He was permitted hold down attend his wife's funeral.^[1]

De los Reyes was pardoned on Possibly will 17, the King's birthday, nevertheless was arrested again shortly abaft complaining about the injustice touch on his arrest and reminding rectitude governor-general of the Memoria put off he sent.^{[3]: 265–266} De los Reyes was deported aboard the SS Alicante in June 1897, ray was interred at the Montjuïc Castle in Barcelona for sestet months, before being released chimpanzee part of the terms have power over the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.^[11]

Exile case Spain

During his time in Montjuïc, de los Reyes read expression by anarchists and syndicalists who influenced his thought.

A gentle guard supplied him with insurgent books and newspapers. De los Reyes also met Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who weigh an impression on de los Reyes.^[3]: 268

After his release in 1898, de los Reyes was latched from leaving Spain and became a drifter in Barcelona.^[3]: 268 Patch up was during this time renounce he came to know radicals such as Francisco Ferrer, Alejandro Lerroux, and others.^[2]: 4 He began reading the works of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, and hit socialist thinkers.

He also coupled protest actions and was jailed for a short time coarse police authorities. He was floating and was forced to conduct from Barcelona to Madrid.^[3]: 269

During dominion time in Madrid, he was taken in by Doña Justa Jugo Vidal and met approximate other Filipinos to discuss authority Philippine situation.

He also decrease Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married her on Noel Eve in 1898.^[11] He publicized La Religion del Katipunan, which he wrote during his prevail in Montjuïc, and he was commissioned by the British lecture Foreign Bible Society to paraphrase the Bible to Iloko.^[1] Distribution los Reyes later said delay this work was "one transfer by which [he] could afford to the liberalization of being finicky religion."^[3]: 270

At the onset of honourableness Spanish–American War, de los Reyes was employed as Counselor boss the Ministry of the Colonies (Consejero del Ministerio de Ultramar), which he held until 1901.^[8] In this capacity, de los Reyes helped rally Filipino get somebody on your side against the Americans, thinking lose one\'s train of thought this would create conditions approbative to the Philippines.

He ostensible that once the Americans were repelled, they would be acknowledged autonomy, and should Spain withdraw get back, then the already armed Filipinos could take matters to their own hands. He had standard assurances from the governor-general Basilio Augustín regarding autonomy, and network with other Filipinos in Espana, offered to return to influence Philippines to organize militias calculate fight the Americans.^{[3]: 270–271}

De los Reyes wrote anti-American articles for La Correspondencia de Epaña and blemish papers.^[3]: 271 On November 10, 1898, as Spain's loss of prestige Philippines became imminent, he stand for Dominador Gómez published Filipinas chance Europa, which had the think-piece logo: Contra Norte-America, no; in defiance of el imperialismo, sí, hasta plug muerte! (Against the Americans, no; against Imperialism, yes, until death!) It ran for 86 issues between October 25, 1899, bracket June 10, 1901.

After approaching, it briefly reappeared as El Defensor de Filipinas, which ran monthly from July 1 union October 1, 1901.^[8]

After Aguinaldo's let go of, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila on July 1, 1901. Given guarantees by depiction American consul in Barcelona meander he will not be disadvantaged upon his arrival in dignity Philippines, he left Spain tipoff September 14 aboard the move Montevideo.

De los Reyes appeared in Manila on October 15, 1901.^[3]: 274

Return to the Philippines

On jurisdiction return, de los Reyes speedily set about to launching not too initiatives that he already abstruse in mind while still row Spain. On October 25, 1901, ten days after he joint to Manila, he sought power from the Philippine Commission knock off publish his Defensor de Filipinas, which was refused.

On Oct 31, he appeared before goodness commission, with Pedro Paterno plus Pascual H. Poblete to have a go permission to form a partisan party, the Partido Nacionalista, which was also denied. He needed to push for a dinner party that would push for democracy within the framework of Substantial occupation.

Eventually, Poblete persistently managed to form the short-lived Partido Nacionalista (predecessor of the Nacionalista Party), which de los Reyes had also joined. He was eventually named its leader.^{[3]: 275–276}

In doublet with party building, de los Reyes also set about generation a workers' movement in decency Philippines.

In 1901 to 1902, Hermenegildo Cruz and other associates of the Carmelo and Bauermann publishing house approached de los Reyes to seek advice keep forming a cooperative store protect rice and other staples.^[12]: 15 Decency Union Democratica de Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros was thus formed, which came contact be known as the receive union federationUnion Obrera Democratica (UOD) on February 2, 1902.

Move quietly los Reyes was its supreme president.^[3]: 278

De los Reyes took fondle with him works by socialists such as Karl Marx, Socialist, Bakunin, and Errico Malatesta.^[12]: 15 Malatesta's Propaganda socialista fra contadini was particularly familiar to union organizers.^[3]: 278 The UOD was the lid labor union federation in grandeur Philippines, soon being joined vulgar neighborhood associations from Cavite, Quiapo, Santa Cruz and Sampaloc; troop guilds from the San Miguel Brewery and L.R.

Yangco Delivery Company; and trade associations oust printers, tabaqueros, tailors, sculptors, seamen, and cooks. At its point in 1903, the UOD's fellowship was estimated at twenty thousand.^[12]: 14

As conceived by de los Reyes, the UOD's aim was on every side "achieve the longed-for alliance in the middle of capital and labor" by delivery together workers and employers encumber a spirit of friendship, reciprocal respect, and recognized interdependence.

Lip los Reyes also wished appraise enlighten the masses as well-organized prerequisite to modern nationhood. Observe this end, he organized veladas instructivo-recreativas as a way discriminate against "improve themselves and learn rank life of cultured peoples". Closure had observed that workers pavement Europe had clubs and cafes where they could read newspapers and discuss current events, mount wished to emulate that fasten the Philippines.^{[12]: 16–17} De los Reyes also published the UOD's authentic organ, La Redencion del Obrero.^[8]

De los Reyes spent this halt in its tracks mediating in labor disputes post other union-organizing activities.

The press at this time called him a "Malay Lerroux" and compared him to Spanish labor director Pablo Iglesias. On August 17, 1902, he was arrested put away the trumped-up charge that loosen up gave orders to assassinate scabs in a strike at dignity Commercial Tobacco Factory.^[3]: 279 De los Reyes was eventually released tune January 30, 1903, by Regulator William Howard Taft, stating put off the statute "was not be next to line with current American conclusions on the subject" and was given the condition that without fear would henceforth shy away free yourself of labor organizations.^[12]: 19 While in jail, de los Reyes tendered queen resignation from the UOD hobby September 14, 1902, and was later replaced by Dominador Gómez.

After leaving the UOD, mollify los Reyes tried to calm up internal rivalries within high-mindedness organization but ultimately failed. High-mindedness UOD was dissolved and be sure about its place was the Unión del Trabajo de Filipinas, well built by writer Lope K. Santos.^[12]: 21 After this, de los Reyes focused on his Redencion illustrate Obrero while contributing to archives like El Comercio, Grito draw Pueblo, and others.

He took up causes such as class rights, universal suffrage, the prohibition of Chinese immigrant labor, abstruse parity of Filipinos and Americans in the civil service.^[3]: 281

Japan, Hong Kong, and return to Spain

De los Reyes left the State in February 1903 for marvellous vacation, going to Japan captain Hong Kong.

He also requisite to continue his translation exempt the bible and to superintend its printing in Yokohama, notwithstanding others suggest that his correct purpose was to meet farm Filipino revolutionary general Artemio Ricarte, who was in exile strike the time.^[8] Details are mute whether de los Reyes decrease with Ricarte in Yokohama^[11] hand down in Hong Kong,^[3]: 284 although escort was certain that a period took place between the a handful of in Manila.

De los Reyes relayed to him the Filipino situation^[8] and tried to put off him from resuming hostilities portend the US.^[3]: 284

In 1905, de los Reyes once again left engage in Spain where he stayed while 1909. During this time, sand worked as a juror hutch Barcelona until 1908.^[8] He very went back to mend associations with his wife, María Ángeles López Montero, who repeatedly urged him to stay away pass up politics.

During his stay restore Spain, he wrote texts much as Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente (1906) and Biblia Filipina. He also published La Belief Antigua de Filipinas (1909).^[3]: 285

De los Reyes returned to Manila clue April 3, 1909, with Lopez, however she could not adapt to the climate.

After well-organized few months, he brought haunt to Tokyo to recuperate. Lopez died on February 10, 1910, while giving birth to duplicate daughters.^[3]: 285

Later years and death

In 1912 at the age of 48, de los Reyes was determine a board member (councilor) show consideration for Manila, and began his bureaucratic career.

Winning re-election, he served until 1919.^[11] He ran chimp a candidate for the labor-based group called the Union Reformista. As board member, he attacked on social welfare ordinances, endorse for "Filipinization" of the laic service, and filed resolutions incentive immediate and absolute independence short vacation the Philippines.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes very met and married María Affront, a mestiza de sangley evacuate Tondo.

They married in rank independent Aglipayan Church, which boorish los Reyes had helped foundation. She would eventually die encompass childbirth in 1923.^[3]: 286 As she was dying, she asked during los Reyes that they happen to married in the Roman Universal rite, to which he agreed.^[8]

Beginning his campaign for the legislature in 1921, in 1922, hew los Reyes won a Talking shop parliamen seat in an election plateful alongside Santiago Fonacier, and afterwards with Elpidio Quirino, to characterize the First Senatorial District.

Importation senator, he brokered projects, appliances, and other forms of aid for his constituents. He was known for crying out "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever prohibited was exasperated with debates potency the Senate floor.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes suffered a stroke which heraldry sinister him paralyzed and bedridden theme June 5, 1929.

He stop working from politics after a accordingly stint as appointive vice politician of Manila from 1930 expel 1931. He devoted his stretch to compiling Aglipayan texts allow largely slipped out of get around notice. A frail de los Reyes' last foray into statecraft was when he ran inspect the 1935 Philippine legislative elections, losing badly.

De los Reyes died on October 10, 1938, in a Manila hospital resignation behind 15 of his persisting and surviving children. A lawful battle between his children in re his custody ensued during position last years of his poised. De los Reyes executed spick document of retraction from tiara Aglipayan faith on September 14, 1936, two years before king death, as attested by dire of his Roman Catholic young, although the authenticity of primacy so-called metanoia was vehemently propound by other family members declarative that de los Reyes negation longer had full control in this area his faculties that time pointless to deteriorating health and conduct age.

It is still debated up to this day^{[by whom?]} whether he retracted his Aglipayan beliefs and died a Ample. He had both funeral blessings from Gregorio Aglipay at distinction Funeraria Nacional, Manila and for that reason according to Roman Catholic rites at the San Sebastian Sanctuary, Manila. His body was at first interred at the Manila Arctic Cemetery before being transferred come to get the former location of rectitude Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Sanctuary in Tondo, Manila in 1944, on order of his mind, Isabelo Jr.

However, after depiction World War II, his relic were permanently transferred to authority María Clara Parish Church exercise the Iglesia Filipina Independiente pustule Sta. Cruz, Manila.^{[13][3]: 288}

The Isabelo prevent los Reyes Elementary School break open Tondo, Manila was named sustenance his honor.

Philippine Independent Church

Albeit an anti-friar, de los Reyes was a very religious workman. De los Reyes was byzantine with the secular Filipino the cloth as early as 1899, in the way that he became a part outandout negotiations with the Holy See.^[11] On January 22, 1899, cover los Reyes, representing the "Committee of Paris", visited the Hieratic NuncioGiuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè compel Madrid to convey the Aguinaldo government's desire for the Immaterial See to send a envoy to look into the way of life of the Philippines.^[3]: 273 However, moment los Reyes discerned that depiction Holy See was more disposed to listen to the Land friars.

De los Reyes wrote in Filipinas Ante Europa:

Enough of Rome! Let us promptly form without vacillation our accustomed congregation, a Filipino Church, protective all that is good set up the Roman Church and apart from all the deceptions which probity diabolical astuteness of the attractive Romanists had introduced to idea the moral purity and portentousness of the doctrines of Christ...^{[14]: 236–237}

On his return to the State in 1901, de los Reyes campaigned for the establishment celebrate a Filipino Church independent pass up the authority of the Traditional Catholic Church.

On August 3, 1902, with the help find time for Pascual H. Poblete and agitate members of the UOD, birth Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Unrestrained Church or also known renovation the Aglipayan Church) was cognizant, with Gregorio Aglipay, an excommunicated priest from the Roman Massive Church, as its proposed intellect (albeit in absentia).^[14]: 237 At say publicly time, Aglipay was in dialogue with the Protestants^{[3]: 281–282} and honesty Jesuits^[14]: 238 to prevent a sect, though neither of these deeds bore fruit.

Aglipay initially unrelated himself from the schism, heretofore realizing the futility of district outside it. In September 1902, he accepted de los Reyes' offer for the position disregard Obispo Maximo (Supreme Bishop) nearby subsequently got consecrated to bishopric and in turn, also holy some other bishops for leadership new church.^[14]: 242

De los Reyes, who was also later excommunicated officially by the Roman Catholic Cathedral as a schismatic apostate, cosmopolitan all over the country abut rally people to the new-found church.

He also directed nobility Church publications Boletin de chilling Iglesia Filipina Independiente and La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica. He also turned his room into a temporary seminary.^[3]: 283 Play a part 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an honorary bishop, swell position he held until surmount death.

In this capacity, let go wrote multiple devotional and divine texts such as the Biblia Filipina, Oficio Divino, Catequesis, Plegarias, Genesis Cientifico y Moderno stomach the Calendario Aglipayano.^[8]

Marriage and family

In 1884, at the age be more or less 20, de los Reyes wed Josefa Sevilla, the daughter go together with Gregorio Sevilla, the capitan a choice of Malabon.

He and his old lady had ten children.^[3]: 258 His helpmate died of illness in 1897 while he was in Bilibid prison.^[11]

In late December 1898, sharp-tasting married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter of a isolated Spanish infantry colonel) in Madrid, also in a Roman Distended ceremony.

She died in 1910 while giving birth to their ninth child.^[8]

De los Reyes' remain marriage in 1912 was find time for the 18-year-old María Lim, ingenious mestiza de sangley from Tondo. They married in the disjointed Aglipayan Church. They also confidential several children before María too died in childbirth in 1923.

Before her death, she abstruse asked that they be spliced according to the Roman Expansive rite, to which de los Reyes agreed.

With his unmoved family spanning Roman Catholic countryside Aglipayan traditions, de los Reyes was tolerant of religious variation array among his children. His namesake Isabelo de los Reyes Jr. (1900–1971), a son from queen second marriage with Lopez pivotal whom he shares the equivalent death day with at Oct 10, although baptized Roman Encyclopedic, was ordained an Aglipayan clergywoman and later became Obispo Máximo IV of the Church support 25 years.

De los Reyes Jr. is also widely renowned as the "Father of Oecumenism in the Philippines".^[15] His heirs Ángeles, Elisa, and Elvira as well from his second marriage, govern with Crescencia from his position marriage, became professed nuns recovered the Roman Catholic Church.^[8]

De los Reyes was married and widowed three times, siring a destroy of 27 children.^[8] He survived all his wives.

Works pole writings

Throughout his life, Isabelo shoreline los Reyes wrote and publicised multiple works in various subjects, such as history, folklore, diplomacy, and religion. He used Land, Tagalog, and Ilokano in rule writings. De los Reyes besides published multiple newspapers.

He wrote critically of the Spanish talented American colonial governments in glory Philippines.^[3][16]

Publications

• El Ilocano
• La Lectura Popular
• El Municipio Filipino
• Filipinas ante Europa
• El Defensor rung Filipinas
• La Redencion del Obrero
• Boletin instinct la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica

Scholarly output and essays

• El Folk-lore Filipino
• La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas
• Ilocandias
• Articulos Varios
• Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista
• Historia de Filipinas
• Historia de Ilocos
• Memoria sobre la revolution
• Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
• Kalendariong Maanghang
• La Religion Antigua de Filipinas

Novels and stories

Religious texts

• Gregorio Aglipay crooked otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• Biblia Filipina
• Oficio Divino
• Catequesis
• Plegarias
• Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
• Calendario Aglipayano

He also translated into Iloko the Gospels attention the New Testament and nobility Acts of the Apostles.^[8]

References

External links