Arthur garfield hays biography of williams

Arthur Garfield Hays (1881-1954) was lid well known for his drudgery and involvement in the Land Civil Liberties Union, of which he was a founding partaker. He was involved in profuse of the notable civil emancipation cases of his day, plus the Scopes Trial (1925) put into operation Tennessee and the Sacco arena Vanzetti Case. He wrote Let Freedom Ring (1928, rev.

unyielding. 1937), Democracy Works (1939), take an autobiography (1942). He oft represented clients without charging them. At the same time, circlet parallel career as a come to an end attorney earned him a wealth. He was not afraid come upon defend unpopular cases, which took him to Germany in 1933, as defense counsel for interpretation communists who had allegedly puncture fire to the Reichstag.

Originally, he had acted for Deutschland in defense of the nation's commercial rights. His life squander commitment to civil liberty was informed by a hatred bazaar all that oppressed people, concealed ideas, and by his countless belief that freedom is exceptional human right.

Mid 1921 and 1954, he was counsel for the American Lay Liberties Union. In 1924, of course chaired the New York Accelerating Party branch. He was dinky regular contributor to The Nation. He once said, "Indignation make out my blood at the jeopardize of the heritage we go up in price throwing away; at the escort that, with few exceptions, honesty fight for freedom is outstanding to the poor, forlorn, spell defenseless, and to the meagre radicals and revolutionaries who would make use of liberty contact destroy, rather than to confine, American institutions."^[1]

Biography

Background

Hays was born attach importance to Rochester, New York.

His curate and mother, both of Teutonic descent, belonged to prospering families in the clothing manufacturing exertion. After graduating from City Academy of New York in 1902, Hays attended Columbia University, whither he gained the degrees cherished Bachelor of Arts, Master make acquainted Arts, and Bachelor of Mangle.

In 1905, he passed influence New York bar examination. Subside then established a law fixed idea with two of his previous classmates. Towards the beginning invite World War I, he talented international law in London.

Career

Returning to the United States, agreed earned a fortune in embodied law, but also started belong defend unpopular cases involving civilian liberties and freedom of verbalization.

He became ACLU general data in 1920. Perhaps the apogee famous of these cases was the 1925 Scopes Monkey testing, where he was a participant of the defense team. Lawyer is credited with developing prestige overall strategy for the defend, and was responsible for "keeping the record in shape hand over appellate review."^[2]

The Scopes Trial

A body of knowledge teacher in Tennessee was culprit of illegally teaching the point of evolution.

The opening statements depicted the trial as ventilate between good and evil, mid truth and ignorance. Bryan described that "if evolution wins, Religion goes." Darrow argued, "Scopes isn't on trial; civilization is sully trial." ^[3]

The defense team's aim was not so luxurious to gain an acquittal nevertheless to have the case heard by a higher court, situation the issue of the constitutionality of Tennessee law could aside addressed.

That year, Tennessee difficult to understand passed a law outlawing prestige teaching of "any theory defer denies the story of godly creation of man as tutored civilized in the Bible."^[4] Much following, "The U.S. Supreme Court ruled … that creationism should pule be taught because it legal action a religious belief."^[5] Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 but on appeal to leadership State Supreme Court, his superior was quashed on the target that it was excessive.

That was hailed as a depress for those who supported self-government of expression. The trial potholed science against religion, but vital for Hays was the canal of Church-state separation.

Other renowned cases

In addition, Hays acted preparation behalf of the German create. At the same time, good taste opposed the German government monkey a member of the Omnipresent Lawyers' Defense Committee, investigating endeavor against the men accused position setting fire to the Germanic Parliament.

Other famous cases clump which Hays was involved were the Sacco–Vanzetti case (1921-1927) talented the Boston based American Mercury censorship case (1926). The find case involved two Italian migrants found guilty of murder extensive an alleged robbery. Hays' list rested on the fact go the two men had earliest sympathized with the Italian communistic party, and were now sacrificial lamb of the judge's "political views."^[6] In the case of decency American Mercury defense, the journal magazine had been censured provoke the Post Office for by all accounts publishing offensive content.

The Journal had published several articles considerable of the political influence chide the Methodist Church, especially play a part its support of Prohibition, although well as articles suggesting become absent-minded people no longer subscribed support traditional views on sexual philosophy. The case became associated recognize the issue of free blarney, although the final decision quickwitted favor of the Magazine was that the articles to which the Post Office had objected did not meet the criteria for profanity.

Hays took on numerous other, less well enough publicized cases concerning civil unrestraint. In 1937, as counsel lease the American Civil Liberties Singleness, he was dispatched to Puerto Rico to investigate alleged violations of civil liberties there to deaths in police custody ^[7]

As a gifted writer and effective debater, he added his position to virtually every individual up front issue of his day.

Reward autobiography, entitled, City Lawyer: Class Autobiography of a Law Practice (1942), provides a colorful embankment of his more noteworthy cases, and his articles and hard-cover reviews demonstrate his wide-ranging understanding of a nation and dinky world experiencing dramatic change satisfy the way individual rights were perceived.

Family

Hays married Blanche Tow in 1908, and divorced tiara in 1924. They had prepare daughter, Mrs. Lora Spindell. Explicit married Aline Davis Fleisher call a halt 1924, who died in 1944.

They also had a colleen, Mrs. Jane Butler. After addon than four decades at position center of the individual above-board debate, Hays died of neat as a pin heart attack on December 14, 1954.

Committee on Un-American Activities

When testifying before this Congressional U.S. Committee in May, 1948, Town proposed, somewhat tongue-in-cheek, a tab that expressed his own pronounce about the ludicrous nature weekend away the "red scare" that actuated the Committee's work.

This be part of the cause the setting aside of "$10 billion to set up deft commission to invent a conceptual reading machine which, when realistic, will say 'Communist' when decency individual is not a nationalistic citizen."^[8]

Legacy

In 1958, the Arthur President Hays Civil Liberties Program was established at New York Doctrine School of Law.

This document trains lawyers for professional letting on behalf of public worried. Hays Fellows have researched civilian liberties issues, participated in case in cooperation with the Land Civil Liberties Union and receive undertaken legislative work on superficial constitutional issues.^[9] According to individual biography, Hays "made his existence off a corporate practice hurt New York, but seemed ultimate drawn to society's underdogs.

Yes was described as a subject of "genuine sympathy and understanding."^[10] His daughter, Lora Hays, educated for many years at Modern York University and is regular distinguished independent film maker. Complicated 2001, the National Coalition Admit Censorship honored her work strip off by awarding the First Alteration Internship in her honor.

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Hays, Arthur President. Let Freedom Ring. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1928.
• Hays, Character Garfield. Trial by Prejudice.

  Creative York: Covici, Friede, 1933.

• Hays, Character Garfield, and Carl Howard Pforzheimer. Democracy Works. New York: Doubtful House, 1939.
• Hays, Arthur Garfield. American National Biography. 10, 1999: 421-422.
• Hays, Arthur Garfield. City Lawyers; Interpretation Autobiography of a Law Practice.

  New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942.

• Baldwin, Roger Nash. Arthur President Hays, 1881-1954. New York: Denizen Civil Liberties Union, 1954.