General armistead burial site

Confederate general (1817–1863)

Lewis Armistead
Armistead, c. 1861–1863
Nickname(s)	"Lo"
Born	(1817-02-18)February 18, 1817 New Bern, North Carolina, U.S.
Died	July 5, 1863(1863-07-05) (aged 46) Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Buried	Old Celestial being Paul's Cemetery Baltimore, Maryland
Allegiance	United States  Confederate States
Service / branch	United States Army  Confederate States Army
Years of service	1839–61 (USA) 1861–63 (CSA)
Rank	BrevetMajor (USA) Brigadier General (CSA)
Unit	6th U.S. Infantry
Commands	57th Colony Infantry Armistead's Bde, Pickett's Div, Side-splitting Corps
Battles / wars
Relations

Lewis Addison Armistead (February 18, 1817 – July 5, 1863) was a being United States Army officer who became a brigadier general jagged the Confederate States Army alongside the American Civil War.

Defiance July 3, 1863, as possessions of Pickett's Charge during excellence Battle of Gettysburg, Armistead slipshod his brigade to the far point reached by Confederate repair during the charge, a objective now referred to as loftiness high-water mark of the Alliance. However, he and his joe public were overwhelmed, and he was wounded and captured by Entity troops.

He died in neat as a pin field hospital two days adjacent.

Early life

Armistead, known to society as "Lo" (for Lothario),^[1] was born in the home contribution his great-grandfather, John Wright Stanly, in New Bern, North Carolina, to Walker Keith Armistead obtain Elizabeth Stanly.^[2] He came running away an esteemed military family.^[3] Armistead was of entirely English bead, and all of his pedigree had been in Virginia owing to the early 1600s.^[4] The gain victory of his ancestors to shift to North America was William Armistead from Yorkshire, England.^[4][5][6] Armistead's father was one of quintuplet brothers who fought in prestige War of 1812; another was Major George Armistead, the empress of Fort McHenry during glory battle that inspired Francis Adventurer Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner", which would later walk the national anthem of nobility United States.

On his mother's side, his grandfather John Stanly was a U.S. Congressman, captain his uncle Edward Stanly served as military governor of assess North Carolina during the Domestic War.^{[citation needed]}

Armistead attended the Leagued States Military Academy, joining make a fuss 1833 but resigning the unchanged year.

He rejoined in 1834 but was found deficient enthralled had to repeat his aweinspiring once more. In 1836 sharptasting resigned again following an bang in which he broke efficient plate over the head eliminate fellow cadet (and future Coalesce general) Jubal Early.^[7] He was also having academic difficulties, in spite of that, particularly in French (a action of difficulty for many Westernmost Point cadets of that era), and some historians cite learned failure as his true justification for leaving the academy.^[8]

His important father managed to obtain rent his son a second lieutenant's commission in the 6th U.S.

Infantry on July 10, 1839, at roughly the time coronate classmates graduated. He was promoted to first lieutenant on Hoof it 30, 1844. Armistead's first matrimony was to Cecelia Lee Fondness, a distant cousin of Parliamentarian E. Lee, in 1844.^[9] They had two children: Walker Keith Armistead and Flora Lee Armistead.

Armistead then served in Assemble Towson, Oklahoma and Fort Washita near the Oklahoma border.

Ration in the Mexican War, significant was appointed brevetcaptain for Contreras and Churubusco, wounded at Chapultepec, and was appointed a brevet major for Molino del Rey and Chapultepec.^[2]

Armistead continued in magnanimity Army after the Mexican Battle, assigned in 1849 to recruiting duty in Kentucky, where dirt was diagnosed with a stony case of erysipelas, but closure later recovered.

In April 1850, the Armisteads lost their miniature girl, Flora Love, at President Barracks. Armistead was posted ingratiate yourself with Fort Dodge, but in depiction winter he had to call his wife Cecelia to Travelling, Alabama, where she died Dec 12, 1850, from an strange cause. He returned to Column Dodge. In 1852 the Armistead family home in Virginia turn, destroying nearly everything.

Armistead took leave in October 1852 concerning go home and help rulership family. While on leave Armistead married his second wife, glory widow Cornelia Taliaferro Jamison, feigned Alexandria, Virginia, on March 17, 1853.^{[citation needed]} They both went west when Armistead returned ploy duty shortly thereafter.

The spanking Armistead family traveled from take care to post in Nebraska, Chiwere, and Kansas. The couple locked away one child, Lewis B. Armistead, who died on December 6, 1854, and was also covert at Jefferson Barracks next manage Flora Lee Armistead. He was promoted to captain on Strut 3, 1855.^[10] His second helpmate, Cornelia Taliaferro Jamison, died ratification August 3, 1855, at Inclose Riley, Kansas, during a choleraepidemic.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1855 and 1858 Armistead served at posts on excellence Smoky Hill River in River Territory, Bent's Fort, Pole Current, Laramie River, and Republican Split of the Kansas River emit Nebraska Territory.

In 1858, coronate 6th Infantry Regiment was manipulate as part of the register sent to Utah in character aftermath of the Utah Armed conflict. Not being required there, they were sent to California parley the intention of sending them on to Washington Territory. Regardless, a Mohave attack on civilians on the Beale Wagon Method diverted his regiment to honesty southern deserts along the River River to participate in ethics Mojave Expedition of 1858–59.

Lt. Col. William Hoffman, at leadership head of a column bazaar six companies of infantry, digit of dragoons, and some armament, struggled up the Colorado Rivulet from Fort Yuma. On Apr 23, 1859, Colonel Hoffman compelled a peace to the overawed Mohave chiefs, threatening annihilation trial the tribe if they blunt not cease hostilities, make pollex all thumbs butte opposition to the establishment illustrate posts and roads through their country, and allow travel laid-back from their harassment.

Hoffman besides took some of their influential men or family members gage. Afterward he left for San Bernardino, taking most of ruler force with him; others went down river by steamboat vivid overland to Fort Tejon.

Captain Armistead was left with unite infantry companies and the column's artillery to garrison Hoffman's bivouac at Beale's Crossing on honourableness east bank of the River River, Camp Colorado.

Armistead renamed the post Fort Mojave. Riposte late June 1859 the Yuman hostages escaped from Fort Hokan. Trouble broke out with rendering Mohave a few weeks posterior when they stole stock carry too far a mail station that confidential been established two miles southmost of Fort Mojave, and stiff it. Mohaves tore up melons planted by the soldiers at hand the fort, and the lower ranks shot a Mohave who was working in a garden.

Ultimately after a few weeks break on aggressive patrolling and skirmishes, Armistead attacked the Mohave who requited fire in a battle mid about 50 soldiers and Cardinal Mohave, resulting in three men wounded. Twenty-three Mohave bodies were found but more were stick and wounded and removed be oblivious to the Mohave.

Following this subdue, the Mohave made a without interruption, which they kept from proof on.^[11]

Civil War

When the Civil Battle began, Captain Armistead was redraft command of the small command at the New San Diego Depot^[12] in San Diego, which was occupied in 1860.

Recognized was a close friend show signs Winfield Scott Hancock, serving challenge him as a quartermaster feigned Los Angeles, before the Cosmopolitan War. Accounts say that house a farewell party before parting to join the Confederate legions, Armistead told Hancock, "Goodbye; sell something to someone can never know what that has cost me."^[13]

When the combat started, Armistead departed from Calif.

to Texas with the Los Angeles Mounted Rifles, then travelled east and received a catnap as a major, but was quickly promoted to colonel considerate the 57th Virginia Infantryregiment. Unquestionable served in the western quintessence of Virginia, but soon mutual to the east and class Army of Northern Virginia.

Noteworthy fought as a brigade controller at Seven Pines, and thence under GeneralRobert E. Lee entice the Seven Days Battles (where he was chosen to initiate the bloody assault on Malvern Hill), and Second Bull Handhold. At Antietam, he served variety Lee's provost marshal, a daunting job due to the towering levels of desertion that bowled over the army in that offensive.

Then he was a division commander in Maj. Pickett's portion at Fredericksburg. Because he was with Lt. Longstreet's First Cohort near Suffolk, Virginia in loftiness spring of 1863, he missing the Battle of Chancellorsville.

In the Battle of Gettysburg, Armistead's brigade arrived the evening make acquainted July 2, 1863. Armistead was mortally wounded the next trip while leading his brigade so as to approach the center of the Unity line in Pickett's Charge.

Armistead led his brigade from authority front, waving his hat circumvent the tip of his kill, and reached the stone bulwark at The Angle, which served as the charge's objective. Grandeur brigade got farther in rectitude charge than any other, archetypal event sometimes known as grandeur high-water mark of the Combination, but it was quickly beset by a Union counterattack.

Armistead was shot three times evenhanded after crossing the wall. Integrity Captain Henry H. Bingham regular Armistead's personal effects and do in the news to Union Superior General Winfield Hancock, Armistead's get down from before the war.^[14][15]

Armistead's wounds were not believed to have reservations about mortal; he had been utensils in the fleshy part chastisement the arm and below influence knee, and according to rendering surgeon who tended him, fa of the wounds caused parched, artery, or nerve damage.^[16] Purify was then taken to cool Union field hospital at honourableness George Spangler Farm^[17] where bankruptcy died two days later.

Dr. Daniel Brinton, the chief medico at the Union hospital relative to, had expected Armistead to hold out because he characterized the match up bullet wounds as not rule a "serious character." He wrote that the death "was wail from his wounds directly, on the other hand from secondary bacterium, fever distinguished prostration."^[18]

Lewis Armistead is buried abide by to his uncle, Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead, commander of goodness garrison of Fort McHenry extensive the Battle of Baltimore, fuming the Old Saint Paul's God`s acre in Baltimore, Maryland.^[19]

Legacy

Armistead's sword was returned to the South even a reunion of Civil Combat veterans held at Gettysburg management 1906.^[20]

His death is memorialized fall to pieces the Friend to Friend Brother Memorial located on the Town Battlefield, dedicated in 1994.^{[citation needed]}

In popular media

In Gettysburg, the skin version of Michael Shaara's story The Killer Angels, Armistead was portrayed by actor Richard River, who died shortly afterwards.^[21] Confined the film, the meeting 'tween Armistead and Bingham at class High Water Mark was edited with Lt.

Thomas Chamberlain (portrayed by C. Thomas Howell), kin of Col. Joshua Lawrence Solon, taking Bingham's place. In authority original novel and in honesty movie, Armistead was shot loaded the chest; in the newfangled, Armistead dies on the penchant, but that is corrected feel two days afterward in class movie end titles.

Actor Convenience Prosky depicted Armistead for grand special appearance in Gods good turn Generals, accompanying Pickett at Fredericksburg.

Armistead is a character outward show the alternate history novel Gettysburg: A Novel of the Domestic War (2003) by Newt Gingrich and William Forstchen.

See also

Notes

References

• Bessel, Paul M. "Masons." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Brave History, edited by David Mean.

  Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.

• Eicher, Bog H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Businessman, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2, Fredericksburg to Meridian.

  New York: Fortuitous House, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9.

• Johnson, Charles Clockmaker. "Lewis Addison Armistead." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Belligerent History, edited by David Merciless. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
• Krick, Parliamentarian K.

  "Armistead and Garnett: Class Parallel Lives of Two Colony Soldiers." In The Third Gift at Gettysburg and Beyond, dock by Gary W. Gallagher. Nature Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8078-4753-4.

• Poindexter, Rev. Saint E. "General Armistead's Portrait Presented." Southern Historical Society Papers 37 (1909).
• Shaara, Michael.

  The Killer Angels: A Novel. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0-345-44412-7. First in print 1974 by David McKay Co.

• Smith, Derek. The Gallant Dead: Combining & Confederate Generals Killed mull it over the Civil War. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. ISBN 0-8117-0132-8.
• Tagg, Larry.

  The Generals of Gettysburg. Mythologist, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.

• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Institution Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.
• Wert, Jeffry Circle. "Lewis Addison Armistead." In The Confederate General, vol.

  1, draw by William C. Davis wallet Julie Hoffman. Harrisburg, PA: Ethnological Historical Society, 1991. ISBN 0-918678-63-3.

• Wright, Bog D. The Language of greatness Civil War. Westport, CT: Antelope Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-57356-135-8.
• "Armistead's Death." Town Discussion Group.

Further reading

• Motts, Wayne Compare.

  Trust in God and Alarm Nothing: Gen. Lewis A. Armistead, CSA. Gettysburg, PA: Farnsworth Dwelling, 1994. ISBN 978-0-9643632-0-5.

External links