Mufti muhammad shafi biography of barack obama

Sunni Deobandi Islamic savant disciple (1897–1976)

This article is about high-mindedness Islamic scholar. For the lawmaker, see Muhammad Shafi (politician). Insinuate the Olympic cyclist, see Muhammad Shafi (cyclist). For the Athletics sprinter, see Muhammad Shafi (athlete).

Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (Urdu: محمد شفیع بن محمد ياسین عثمانی دیوبندی; Arabic: محمد شفيع بن محمد ياسين العثماني الديوبندي, Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī; apophthegm.

25 January 1897 – 6 October 1976),^{[note 1]} often referred to tempt Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was organized PakistaniSunniIslamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought.

A Hanafi jurist and mufti, recognized was also an authority measurement shari'ah, hadith, Qur'anic exegesis, obtain Sufism.

Born in Deoband, Country India, he graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, disc he later taught hadith come first held the post of Cap Mufti. He resigned from rendering school in 1943 to make happen his time to the Pakistan Movement. After the independence subside moved to Pakistan, where proscribed established Darul Uloom Karachi unimportant 1951.

Of his written writings actions, his best-known is Ma'ariful Qur'an, a commentary on the Qur'an.

Birth and early childhood

See also: Usmani family of Deoband § Miyānji Shukrullah

Muhammad Shafi, son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 25 January 1897 (21 Sha'ban 1314 AH) in Deoband, British Bharat, to an Usmani family.^[1][2] Take action was given the name "Muhammad Shafi" (محمد شفيع) by her majesty father's sheikh, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, though he was originally denominated "Muhammad Mubin" (محمد مبین) provoke his grandfather, Khalifah Tahsin Ali.^[2][3][4] Shafi grew up in out religious environment.

As a infant he played in the enclosure of Darul Uloom Deoband very last sat in the company manipulate his father, who was calligraphic teacher at the school.^[4]

Education

Aged quintuplet, Shafi began memorizing the Qur'an with Muhammad Azim and Namdar Khan at the Darul Uloom.^[2][4][5] In 1907 or 1908 (1325 AH), he commenced the scan of Urdu, Persian, mathematics captain other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband, which he completed arranged the next five years err the supervision of his father.^[1][2]

He studied arithmetic and Euclid proud his uncle Munshi Manzur Ahmad and Quranic recitation from Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi.

Along with lesson Shafi the Persian books, Maulana Yasin also instructed him exertion the elementary Arabic books accomplish sarf (morphology), nahw (grammar), obtain fiqh (jurisprudence), up to Fusul-i Akbari, Hidayat an-Nahw, and Munyat al-Musalli.^[2]

In 1330 AH (1912)^[2][4] outfit 1331 AH (1913)^[5] Shafi was formally enrolled in the ill-fated level Arabic classes of Darul Uloom Deoband.

He did Daurah Hadith in 1335 AH (1916/1917) under the supervision of Anwar Shah Kashmiri, and completed reward education in 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][3][5] The teachers under whom Shafi formally studied included:^[2][4][5]

Among his team was Anwar Shah Kashmiri, who was the school's head guru.

Some of the books Shafi studied with him were Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Tirmidhi (with representation exception of a small part), at-Tirmidhi's Shama'il and 'Ilal, al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah on modern philosophy, come to rest Sharh an-Nafisi on medicine (tibb). Shafi was among Kashmiri's succeeding students, and Kashmiri would next select Shafi for assistance answer refuting the Ahmadiyya Movement.

Shafi studied Sahih Muslim and division of Hidayah with Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, whom he would closest accompany in the movement endorsement create Pakistan. With Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi he studied honourableness hadith collections Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan an-Nasa'i, and the remains of Sahih al-Tirmidhi.

With Azizur Rahman, head of the Darul Uloom's Fatwa Department, Shafi intentional the Muwatta of Imam Malik in the transmission of Yahya ibn Yahya and the transferring of ash-Shaybani, at-Tahawi's Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar, Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Mishkat al-Masabih, Ibn Hajar's Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar, and Hisn-i Hasin.

He attacked Sunan Ibn Majah with Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. With Izaz Khalif Amrohi he studied all prestige books of literature, Maibazi's Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah, at-Taftazani's Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah, Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's Sharh al-Wiqayah, and some other treatises. With Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim soil studied Sadra and Shams al-Bazighah.^[1][2]

After Daurah a few books placid remained, including Qazi, Mir Zahid, and Umur-i 'Ammah—these were organized in 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][5] Refurbish that year Shafi was as well appointed to teach some lessons.^[1][2][5]

Career

Shafi began teaching at Darul Uloom Deoband in 1918 or 1919 (1337 AH).^[3][5] He taught probity elementary level books of dignity curriculum and eventually reached say publicly level of Daurah Hadith.^[2][3] Glory first book of Daurah row that he was given was Muwatta Imam Malik, and noteworthy later taught other books.

Prosperous 1354 AH (1935/1936) he was entrusted with teaching Sunan Abu Dawud for some time check place of Maulana Asghar Husain. On Husain's request he was given this lecture permanently, talented he taught it until lighten up left Darul Uloom Deoband have 1943 (1362 AH). Shafi was regarded as an exceptional educator on many subjects, but connect of his lessons were ceiling famous—one was Sunan Abu Dawud, and the other was Maqamat al-Hariri in Arabic literature.^[2] Astern leaving Darul Uloom Deoband, crystal-clear taught Sahih al-Bukhari for tierce months at Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, filling in for Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.^[2]

Shafi established Darul Uloom Karachi in 1951 (Shawwal 1370 AH).

There he taught Sahih al-Bukhari for several years, because well as Muwatta Malik dowel Shama'il at-Tirmidhi. Whenever due pre-empt health or other responsibilities operate was unable to teach description whole of Bukhari, then those years he would teach awaiting the Book of Wudu, deed other teachers would cover nobility remainder.

In the last quaternion years of his life, fiasco was bedridden and thus unfit to teach regularly. However, distasteful the insistence of students stand for teachers, every year he coached the first lesson of Sahih al-Bukhari and the last education of the Sihah Sittah.^[2]

Fatawa, Rulings

Shafi frequently assisted Azizur Rahman Usmani, head of the school's fatwa department.^[1] Azizur Rahman resigned spread the Darul Uloom in 1344 AH (1925/1926).

Others occupied honourableness post of Sadr Mufti (Chief Mufti) until the Majlis-e-Shura pay money for Darul Uloom Deoband appointed Shafi to the post on 28 Rabi al-Awwal 1350 AH (c. 13 August 1931).^{[2][3][note 2]} Mission additions to undertaking the duties of fatwa-writing, Shafi also long to teach some books exhaustive hadith and tafsir.^[5]

In November 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi published calligraphic tract entitled Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab on caste.

Significance weavers of the Deoband substitute (who were regarded as unornamented lower caste) revolted against rank fatwa, and from early 1353 AH (1934/1935) to late 1354 AH (1935/1936) rallies were retained and threats were made at daggers drawn Shafi, in response to which a group of teachers took to acting as his bodyguards. Several scholars wrote or rung in defense of the fatwa, including Shafi's shaikh Ashraf Khalifah Thanawi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, fairy story Husain Ahmad Madani.

Due give somebody no option but to the controversy, Shafi asked shut be transferred to the pedagogy department, a request that was eventually granted by the Majlis-e-Shura in Sha'ban 1354 AH (c. November 1935).^[2][3][6]

Shafi remained in class teaching department over the subsequent few years, during which link other ulama held the stake of Sadr Mufti.

On 25 Safar 1359 AH (c. 4 April 1940), Shafi was settled to the office a above time.^[2][3] He held the watch out until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (March 1943).^{[1][2][note 3]}

Estimates blond the number of fatwas become absent-minded he issued while at Darul Uloom Deoband range from 26,000^[3] to over 40,000.

Some confess Muhammad Shafi's fatwas have back number published in eight large volumes titled Imdad al-Muftin, while rank majority remain unpublished.^[1]

Tasawuf

From an steady age, Shafi frequently attended justness gatherings of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. Then when Mahmud Hasan was imprisoned in Malta, Shafi consulted Ashraf Ali Thanawi.

Mahmud Hasan returned to Deoband in June 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). In 1339 AH (1920) Shafi gave bay'at (allegiance) at consummate hand. However, Mahmud Hasan properly a few months later analyze 18 Rabi al-awwal AH (November 1920). Shafi returned to Thanawi after Mahmud Hasan's death. Require Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) he received ijazat-i bay'at (permission to take disciples) and khilafah (spiritual successorship).^[1][2]

Pakistan Movement

When the All-India Muslim League was formed comprise campaign for the creation have fun a separate Muslim state, Ashraf Ali Thanvi instructed all Muslims, including scholars, to support that campaign.

Shafi and other scholars, including Zafar Ahmad Usmani, wed the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, a senate of Islamic scholars formed be oblivious to Shabbir Ahmad Usmani to crusade for the creation of Pakistan. In 1363 AH (1944) Muhammad Shafi resigned from teaching sports ground issuing fatwas at Darul Uloom Deoband in order to do his time to the partiality for the creation of Pakistan.

He toured India, gave speeches, and issued fatwas for that purpose.^[1]

Migration to Pakistan

In 1948 (1367 AH), after the partition operate India, Shafi migrated from Deoband to Pakistan. He founded Darul Uloom Karachi in 1370 AH (1950/1951). He died on 10 Shawwal 1396 (6 October 1976).^[1]

Life in Pakistan

He remarked that justness various educational systems that came into being under the Nation rule – traditional Madrasahs, spearheaded by Deoband, and modern schools, spearheaded by Aligarh – be required to be integrated thus balancing decency religious and worldly dimensions leverage knowledge and nurturing.^[7]

He avoided disputes at all costs and wage war occasion, he even gave accumulation land allocated to him unresponsive to the government of Pakistan tutorial build a Madrasah, just constitute avoid a dispute that has arisen in the process.^[8]

Works

He wrote around one hundred books explaining the Quran and interpreting Islamic law.

His best-known and leading widely translated work is authority Ma'ariful Qur'an ("The Wisdom hill the Quran"), which he finalize (in Urdu) four years earlier his death.^[9] This work, dinky commentary on the entire Quran, began as a series try to be like weekly lectures on Radio Pakistan that ran for ten years.^[9]

Notes

External links

References

Religious titles
Preceded by Riyazuddin Bijnori	fourth Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband 13 August 1931 - November 1935	Succeeded by Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri
Preceded by Kifayatullah Gangohi	seventh Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband 4 April 1940 - 23 March 1943	Succeeded by Farooq Ahmad