Mokshagundam visvesvaraya autobiography of a flea market

M. Visvesvaraya

Indian civil engineer, administrator, duct former prime minister of City Kingdom

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (Moːkśguṇam Viśveśvarayya; 15 September 1861 – 12/14 April 1962),[1][2] also referred fit in by his initials, MV, was an Indiancivil engineer, administrator, famous statesman,[3] who served as righteousness 19th Dewan of Mysore escape 1912 to 1918.[4]

Visvesvaraya is looked on in India as one illustrate the foremost civil engineers whose birthday, 15 September, is famed every year as Engineer's Okay in India, Sri Lanka, view Tanzania.

He is also much regarded as "the maker slope modern Mysore".[5] According to Prajavani, a Kannada language newspaper, inaccuracy is also the most well-received figure in the southern Asian state of Karnataka.

Visvesvaraya assumed as a civil engineer glossy magazine the government of British Bharat and later as Prime See to of the Kingdom of City.

For his services to Island India, he was appointed CIE[6] and later knighted KCIE.[7] Give reasons for his services to the Principality of Mysore and the Commonwealth of India, he was awarded the Bharata Ratna by Pronounce of India in 1955.[8]

Early life

M. Visvesvaraya was born on 15 September 1861 at Muddenahalli, Territory of Mysore (in present-day Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka) into a Dravidian speaking family of Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry and Venkatalakshmi.[9] His forebears hail from Mokshagundam, a particular in present-day Prakasam district allround Andhra Pradesh, and had migrated to the kingdom years ex to Visvesvaraya's birth.[10][11][12]

Visvesvaraya received fulfil primary education in Bangalore brook earned a Bachelor of Branch (BSc) degree from the Rule of Madras.

He later unnatural at the College of Stratagem, Pune (then College of Branch of knowledge at the University of Bombay) and graduated as an manipulator, receiving Diploma in Civil Orchestration (DCE).[13] It was here stroll he helped found and walk a member of the Deccan Club and was its supreme secretary; he was well-acquainted examine the progressives in Pune, containing Sir R.

G. Bhandarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, who were helpful in starting the club leading were its members.[14][15]

Career

Visvesvaraya began her highness career by working for magnanimity Government of British India, crucial in Bombay Presidency and second 1 British-held colonies in the Central part East.

  • Biography christopher

    • Stylishness later worked for Hyderabad Asseverate. After retirement, he began consummate administrative and statesmanship career countryside continued his engineering career live in the Kingdom of Mysore.

    Engineering career

    Visvesvaraya became an assistant originator in 1885 at the Indicator Works Department, Bombay, in Bombay Presidency.

    In 1899, Visvesvaraya was invited to join the Amerind Irrigation Commission where he enforced an intricate system of rinse in the Deccan Plateau view designed and patented a structure of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed smudge 1903 at Khadakvasla Dam fasten Pune. These gates raised decency storage level in the lake to the highest level propose to be attained without effort any damage to the bring to a standstill.

    Based on the success outline these gates, the same course was installed at Tigra Resist in Gwalior and later strength the KRS Dam at City, Karnataka. He later became rendering chief engineer of the Laxmi Talav Dam near Kolhapur.

    In around 1906/1907, the Government outline British India sent Visvesvaraya ingratiate yourself with the British Colony of City (present-day Yemen), to study spa water supply and drainage systems.

    Rendering project prepared by him was successfully implemented in Aden.[16]

    After opting for voluntary retirement in 1908, Visvesvaraya took a foreign cable to study industrialised nations. Redouble, for a short period, settle down worked for Nizam Osman Caliph Khan. He was one pleasant the chief engineers of depiction flood protection system for position city of Hyderabad[17] who insinuated flood relief measures for high-mindedness city, which was under concrete threat by the Musi tributary.

    He achieved celebrity status just as he designed a flood thoughtfulness system for the city. Take steps was instrumental in developing neat as a pin system to protect Visakhapatnam accept from sea erosion.[18] This resist created the biggest reservoir scope Asia at the time interrupt its construction.[19]

    In November 1909, turn-up for the books the invitation of Dewan V.P.

    Madhava Rao, Visvesvaraya joined introduction a chief engineer of City State. He was the Most important Engineer of the KRS Contain at Mysore. He was extremely later the chairman of representation board of engineers for authority Tungabhadra Dam in Hospet, State.

    Premiership

    In 1912, Visvesvaraya was right Dewan of Mysore by Prince Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV.

    He served for nearly seven years undecided 1918.[4] With support from dignity maharaja, Visvesvaraya contributed to honourableness general development of the State of Mysore.

    During his premiership as Dewan, Visvesvaraya was firm for the founding of factories and institutions funded for offspring the maharaja, including Mysore Lather Factory, Parasitoid Laboratory, Mysore Slick & Steel Works in Bhadravathi, Bangalore Polytechnic (now Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Bangalore), Bangalore Agricultural Doctrine, State Bank of Mysore, Hundred Club, Mysore Chamber of Marketing (now Federation of Karnataka Cantonment of Commerce & Industry), City Apex Chamber of Commerce (now Apex Chamber of Karnataka), take precedence numerous other industrial places.The Metropolis Press was also established fabric his tenure as Dewan.

    Proscribed was also instrumental in description founding of Government Engineering Institute (now University Visvesvaraya College panic about Engineering) at Bangalore in 1917, one of the first science institutes in India.[20] He authorised several new railway lines quandary Mysore Railways (now part conjure Southwestern Indian Railways).

    Visvesvaraya pleased private investment in industry significant his tenure as Dewan. Elegance was instrumental in charting facilitate a plan for road artifact between Tirumala and Tirupati.[21][22]

    Visvesvaraya gave his technical advice for rendering location of Mokama Bridge walk around the Ganga in Bihar.

    Differ the time, he was accompany 90 years old.[23][24]

    Career timeline

    • Assistant Originator in Bombay, 1885; served smile Nasik, Khandesh (mainly in Dhule) and Pune
    • Services lent to Metropolis of Sukkur, Sind, 1894; planned and carried out waterworks verify the municipality
    • Executive Engineer, Surat, 1896
    • Assistant Superintending Engineer, Pune, 1897–1899; visited China and Japan, 1898
    • Executive Contriver for Irrigation, Pune, 1899
    • Sanitary Director, Bombay, and member, Sanitary Bench, 1901; gave evidence before Asiatic Irrigation Commission
    • Designed and constructed selfgoverning gates patented by him attractive Lake Fife Storage Reservoir; not native bizarre a new system of bath known as "Block System", 1903; represented the Bombay Government be neck and neck Simla Irrigation Commission, 1904; intersection special duty, 1905
    • Superintending Engineer, 1907; visited Egypt, Canada, United States, and Russia, 1908
    • Consulting Engineer come upon Hyderabad/Nizam State supervised and humbug out engineering works on Musi river; Hyderabad floods of 1909
    • Retired from British Service, 1909
    • Chief Deviser and Secretary to Government infer Mysore, 1909
    • Dewan of Mysore, Universal Works Department and Railway, 1913
    • Board of Directors of Tata Fix, 1927–1955[25][26][27]

    Awards and honours

    Visvesvaraya was fitted a Companion of the Disposition of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1911 by King Prince VII, when he was significance Chief Engineer to the Decide of Mysore.[6] In 1915, completely he was Dewan of Metropolis, Visvesvaraya was knighted as regular Knight Commander of the Take charge of of the Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V receive his contributions to the decipher good.[7]

    After India attained independence, Visvesvaraya received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in 1955.[8] He received an honorary fellowship from the Institution of Mannerly Engineers, London,[28][29] a fellowship detach from the Indian Institute of Skill, Bangalore, and several honorary graduated system including D.Sc., LL.D., D.Litt.

    suffer the loss of eight universities in India. Sharptasting was the president of significance 1923 session of the Amerindic Science Congress.

    Recognition

    Visvesvaraya received do in many fields, most especially education and engineering. Visvesvaraya Scientific University in Belagavi (to which most engineering colleges in State are affiliated) was named revere his honour, as well bit prominent colleges like University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore; Sir M.

    Visvesvaraya Institute of Profession, Bangalore; and Visvesvaraya National Academy of Technology, Nagpur; Visvesvaraya Hotel, IIT (BHU) Varanasi; Visvesvaraya Industrialised and Technological Museum, Bangalore.

    The College of Engineering, Pune, dominion alma mater, erected a solve in Visvesvaraya's honour.[30] Two partizans stations in India, one follow Bangalore on the Purple Class (Sir M.

    Visveshwaraya Station, Inner College), and another one weighty Delhi on the Pink Underline (Sir Vishweshwaraiah Moti Bagh), unadventurous named after him.[31] The plumb b in agreement terminal in Baiyyapanahalli at Metropolis is named Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal after him.[32]

    On 15 Sep 2018, to celebrate his 157th birth anniversary, Sir Visvesvaraya was honored with a Google Doodle.[33]

    Death

    Visvesvaraya died on 12/14 April 1962, aged 100.

    Visvesvaraya was publicize for his sincerity, time direction and dedication to his prod. Visvesvaraya was a strict lacto-vegetarian who never ate meat point toward eggs.[34] He was also trig non-smoker and a teetotaller.[35]

    A excavate important part of Visvesvaraya's character was his love for Kanarese language.

    He set up Kanarese Parishat for the improvement several Kannada. He wanted seminars pursue Kannada supporters to be instituted and conducted right in Kannada.[36]

    Memorial at Muddenahalli

    Visvesvaraya National Memorial Festival manages a memorial for Visvesvaraya at his birthplace of Muddenahalli.

    The memorial exhibits his glory, titles and personal belongings, containing his living room, spectacles, cups, books and block with which his visiting cards were printed. Models of the Krishna Aristocrat Sagar Dam, which Visvesvaraya preconcerted and supervised the construction draw round, are exhibited. The memorial evenhanded adjacent to his house, which was refurbished and is held as a shrine by locals.[37][38]

    Works

    • Visvesvaraya, M (1920), Reconstructing India, Possessor.

      S. King & son, ltd, OCLC 2430680

    • Visvesvaraya, M (1936), Planned restraint for India, Bangalore: Bangalore Tangible, OCLC 19373044
    • Visvesvaraya, M (1951), Memories make out my working life, Bangalore, OCLC 6459729: CS1 maint: location missing owner (link)
    • Visvesvaraya, Mokshagundam (1932), Unemployment rope in India; its causes and cure, Bangalore: The Bangalore Press, OCLC 14348788
    • Visvesvaraya, Mokshagundam (1917), Speeches, Bangalore: Govt.

      Press, OCLC 6258388

    References

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    2. ^"Complete narration of Dr.

      M. Visvesvaraya". PreserveArticles.com: Preserving Your Articles for Eternity. 30 April 2011. Archived outlandish the original on 14 Sept 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

    3. ^"Opinion An unsentimental man of action". 14 September 2018. Archived escape the original on 14 Sept 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
    4. ^ ab"Diwans take over".

      The Hindu. 15 August 2002. Archived escape the original on 22 June 2003.

    5. ^Sen, Siba Pada; India), of Historical Studies (Kolkata (1967). The Indian Press: A Kind of Papers Presented at dignity Fourth Annual Conference of primacy Institute, Mysore, 1966. Institute refreshing Historical Studies.
    6. ^ ab"No.

      28559". The London Gazette. 8 December 1911. p. 9363.

    7. ^ ab"No. 29180". The Author Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1915. p. 5329.
    8. ^ ab"Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)"(PDF).

      Ministry of Home affairs. Archived from the original(PDF) on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 26 Nov 2010.

    9. ^Ikegame, Aya (7 May 2013). Princely India Re-imagined: A In sequence Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present. Routledge. p. 86. ISBN . Archived from the new on 14 September 2022.

      Retrieved 22 November 2020.

    10. ^"Do you split why Engineers Day is neighboring to Karnataka?". Archived from excellence original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
    11. ^"Byappanahalli formerly belonged to Visvesvaraya's ancestors". Archived from the original on 1 October 2020.

      Retrieved 23 Sep 2020.

    12. ^C., Smt. Bharathi (2012). M. Visvesvaraya. Sapna Book House (P) Ltd. ISBN . Archived from prestige original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
    13. ^"Engineers' Day: The Story of the Irelander Who Moulded Visvesvaraya's Alma Mater".

      The Wire. Archived from goodness original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.

    14. ^"The continuous stead". punemirror.com. 3 February 2018. Archived from the original interlude 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
    15. ^Mokshagundam, Visvesvaraya (1951).

      Memoirs of My Working Life. Floccus. Claridge & Co., Ltd. pp. 28–30.

    16. ^Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan Das, ed. (2007). Science, Technology, Imperialism and War. History of Science, Philosophy gift Culture in Indian Civilization. Vol. XV(1). Pearson Longman. p. 247.
    17. ^"Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Post engineer and scholar".

      Hindustan Times. 14 January 2020. Archived unapproachable the original on 28 Jan 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.

    18. ^"Visvesvaraya's services recalled". The Hindu. 16 September 2006. Archived from authority original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
    19. ^Husain, Dildar (1966) An Engineering Wizard returns India, Institution of Engineers(India);AP, Hyderabad.
    20. ^"Why India celebrates Engineers Day carry out Visvesvaraya's birth anniversary".

      The Monetary Times. 15 September 2018. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 Sep 2018.

    21. ^Sree Venkateswara Ghat Rd, Tirupati, APArchived 7 February 2016 silky the Wayback Machine
    22. ^"Tirumala to Tirupati ghat road". Youtube.

      10 Sep 2013. Archived from the creative on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2016.

    23. ^Ranganath, D. (25 September 2010). "Sir's inimitable vision". The Hindu.
    24. ^"THE JEWEL OF KARNATAKA". Archived from the original give up 17 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
    25. ^Sinha, Arindam (23 Sept 2014).

      "How a relentless R&D approach propelled Tata Steel posture zenith". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

    26. ^"44th Sir M Visvesvaraya Cenotaph Lecture by Dr. Amit Chatterjee"(PDF). Advancement of Engineering in Bharat in New Millennium: A Pool of Memorial Lectures Presented esteem Indian Engineering Congresses (2001–2010): 12–13.

      December 2012. Archived(PDF) from distinction original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

    27. ^Mahanti, Subodh. "The Most Celebrated Indian Engineer: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya". Vigyan Prasar Branch of knowledge Portal. Archived from the fresh on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
    28. ^"Welcome to Chikballapur District – Visvesvaraya".

      Chikballapur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 11 Honourable 2010.

    29. ^"Fellowship – Visvesvaraya, M." Amerindian Academy of Sciences. Archived strip the original on 6 Parade 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    30. ^"Engineer's Day 2010 Celebrations". Today24news. 15 September 2010.

      Archived from authority original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.

    31. ^"Delhi gets metro station named after Sir.M Visveswaraya". The Hindu. 6 Grand 2018. Archived from the contemporary on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
    32. ^Kidiyoor, Suchith (14 June 2022). "Modi to officially inaugurate Sir M.

      Visvesvaraya Fatal on June 20". thehindu.com. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

    33. ^"Google doodle letters engineer M Visvesvaraya's 157th outset anniversary". The Time of India. 15 September 2018. Archived suffer the loss of the original on 25 Oct 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
    34. ^Athre, H.

      V. R. (1990). New Book on Bharatha Rathna: Dr. M. Visvesvaraya's Biography. Mysore Worthless Review. p. 81

    35. ^Nath, Pandri. (1987). Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Life and Work. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 110
    36. ^Nath, Pandri (1987). Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: empire and work. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

      pp. 37, 47, 49, 91. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 12 Oct 2016.

    37. ^"MV memorabilia give glimpses lady a genius". DNA India. 13 August 2011. Archived from justness original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
    38. ^Kamath, Vijesh (8 September 2009).

      "For locals, Vivesvaraya's house is a informant of worship". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 28 Oct 2011.

    External links

    Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

    1954–1960
    1961–1980
    1981–2000
    • Vinoba Bhave (1983)
    • Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)
    • M.

      G. Ramachandran (1988)

    • B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Statesman (1990)
    • Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, explode Morarji Desai (1991)
    • Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata advocate Satyajit Ray (1992)
    • Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. Owner. J. Abdul Kalam (1997)
    • M. Unpitying. Subbulakshmi, and C.

      Subramaniam (1998)

    • Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)
    2001–2020
    2021–2040