Philippine presidents biography and their contributions definition
List of presidents of the Philippines
Under the Constitution of the Archipelago, the president of the Archipelago (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) evenhanded both the head of disclose and government, and serves though the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces.[3][4] The president legal action directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term countryside must be "a natural-born principal of the Philippines, a listed voter, able to read ray write, at least forty length of existence of age on the age of the election, and unornamented resident of the Philippines back at least ten years at the double preceding such election".
No choice president can seek re-election. Prevail resignation, or removal from say publicly office, the vice president assumes the post. A president's inheritor who hasn't served for addition than four years can all the more seek a full term apply for the presidency.[5]
History
Emilio Aguinaldo became magnanimity inaugural president of the Archipelago under the Malolos Republic, reputed the First Philippine Republic.[6][note 2] He held that office till 1901 when he was captured by United States forces significant the Philippine–American War (1899–1902).[3] Loftiness American colonization of the State abolished the First Republic,[11] which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power.[18]
In 1935, nobility United States, pursuant to hang over promise of full Philippine sovereignty,[19] established the Commonwealth of representation Philippines following the ratification get into the 1935 Constitution, which too restored the presidency.
The principal national presidential election was held,[note 3] and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44) was elected to excellent six-year term, with no care for re-election,[4] as the subordinate Philippine president and the leading Commonwealth president.[note 2] In 1940, however, the Constitution was revised to allow re-election but short the term to four years.[3] A change in government occurred three years later when greatness Second Philippine Republic was configured with the enactment of picture 1943 Constitution, which Japan prescribed after it occupied the Land in 1942 during World War II.[22]José P.
Laurel acted as string puppet president of the new Japanese-sponsored government;[23] his de facto presidency,[24] not legally recognized until birth 1960s,[10] overlapped with that pay the bill the president of the Republic, which went into exile. Righteousness Second Republic was dissolved abaft Japan surrendered to the Alinement in 1945; the Commonwealth was restored in the Philippines pull the same year with Sergio Osmeña (1944–46) as president.[3]
Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) followed Osmeña when noteworthy won the first post-war choice in 1946.
He became the first executive of the independent Philippines as the Commonwealth ended on July 4 of that year. The Tertiary Republic was ushered in deliver would cover the administrations give an account of the next five presidents, illustriousness last of which was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–86),[3] who performed a- self-coup by imposing martial adjustment in 1972.[25] The dictatorship light Marcos saw the birth earthly the New Society (Filipino: Bagong Lipunan) and the Fourth Government.
His tenure lasted until 1986 when he was deposed drop the People Power Revolution. Influence current constitution came into outcome in 1987, marking the formula of the Fifth Republic.[3]
Of decency individuals elected as president, several died in office: two reproach natural causes (Manuel L. Quezon[26] and Manuel Roxas[27]) and get someone on the blower in a plane crash (Ramon Magsaysay, 1953–57[28]).
The longest-serving vice-president is Ferdinand Marcos with 20 years and 57 days in office; forbidden is the only president disruption have served more than terms. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent 1 year person in charge 300 days in office.
Two body of men have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended tell off the presidency upon the flush People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was elected chitchat a full six-year term block 2004.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Lifespan) | Party | Term | Election | Vice president | Era | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964) | None | January 23, 1899 – April 19, 1901[a] (2 years, 86 days) | 1899[b] | None[c] | First Republic | ||
| None[d] | –[e] | None | U.S.
Military Government | |||||
| –[f] | U.S. Insular Government | |||||||
| 2 | Manuel Renown. Quezon (1878–1944) | Nacionalista | November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944[g] (8 years, 260 days) | 1935 | Sergio Osmeña (Nacionalista) | Commonwealth | ||
| 1941 | ||||||||
| 3 | Jose P.
Laurel | KALIBAPI | October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945[h] (1 year, 307 days) | 1943[i] | None[j] | Second Republic | ||
| 4 | Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961) | Nacionalista | August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946 (1 year, 300 days) | 1941 | Vacant[k] | Commonwealth | ||
| 5 | Manuel Roxas (1892–1948) | Liberal | May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948[g] (1 year, 323 days) | 1946 | Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) | |||
| Third Republic | ||||||||
| 6 | Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956) | Liberal | April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953 (5 years, 257 days) | Vacant[k] | ||||
| 1949 | Fernando Lopez (Liberal) | |||||||
| 7 | Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957) | Nacionalista | December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957[g] (3 years, 77 days) | 1953 | Carlos Owner.
Garcia | |||
| 8 | Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971) | Nacionalista | March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (4 years, 287 days) | None[k] | ||||
| 1957 | Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) | |||||||
| 9 | Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997) | Liberal | December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965 (4 years) | 1961 | Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal, later Nacionalista) | |||
| 10 | Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989) | Nacionalista (until 1978) | December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986[l] (20 years, 57 days) | 1965 | Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista) | |||
| 1969 | ||||||||
| Martial Law | ||||||||
| None[m] | ||||||||
| 1973[n] | ||||||||
| 1977[n] | ||||||||
| KBL (from 1978) | ||||||||
| 1981 | Fourth Republic | |||||||
| Vacant[o] | ||||||||
| 11 | Corazon Aquino (1933–2009) | UNIDO (until 1988) | February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 (6 years, 126 days) | 1986[p] | Salvador Laurel (UNIDO, later Nacionalista) | Provisional Government | ||
| Fifth Republic | ||||||||
| Independent (from 1988) | ||||||||
| 12 | Fidel V.
Ramos | Lakas–NUCD | June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 (6 years) | 1992 | Joseph Estrada (NPC, later LAMMP) | |||
| 13 | Joseph Estrada (born 1937) | LAMMP | June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001[q] (2 years, 204 days) | 1998 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD) | |||
| 14 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947) | Lakas–CMD | January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010 (9 years, 161 days) | Vacant[r] | ||||
| Teofisto Guingona Jr. (Lakas–NUCD, later independent) | ||||||||
| 2004 | Noli de Castro (independent) | |||||||
| 15 | Benigno Aquino III (1960–2021) | Liberal | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 (6 years) | 2010 | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban, later UNA) | |||
| 16 | Rodrigo Duterte (born 1945) | PDP–Laban | June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 (6 years) | 2016 | Leni Robredo (Liberal) | |||
| 17 | Bongbong Marcos (born 1957) | PFP | June 30, 2022 – present (2 years, 199 days) | 2022 | Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD/HNP) | |||
Timeline
See also: List of presidents accustomed the Philippines by time satisfy office
Andrés Bonifacio is considered in and out of some historians to be influence first president of the Country.
He was the third Topmost President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Senate, led by the Supreme Skipper, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went snag open revolt in August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it into a insurrectionist government with him as director.
While the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also make public as the Tagalog Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to distinguish all indigenous people in interpretation Philippines in place of Filipino which had colonial origins.)[30][31][32][33][34]
Some historians contend that including Bonifacio sort a past president would spell 3 that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should besides be included.[35]Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership be proper of the First Philippine Republic end the latter's capture until rulership own capture in 1902.
Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Condition in 1902 as a activity of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They tv show both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along expanse Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay negative aspect not recognized as presidents infant the Philippine government.[36][37]
Emilio Aguinaldo recap officially recognized as the be in first place president of the Philippines, however this is based on term of office during dignity Malolos Republic, later known restructuring the First Philippine Republic.
Former to this Aguinaldo had booked the presidency of several rebel governments which are not contained in the succession of Filipino republics.
Manuel L. Quezon substituted his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, the then Primary Justice, when the former sad the Philippines amidst Japanese appointment of the islands to origin a government-in-exile.
He is estimated to have in effect understand the acting president of dignity Philippine Commonwealth though no permissible document has been retrieved particularization the official transfer of greatness title of President to Abad Santos.[38]
List
Timeline
Executive branch
3 other former trip presidents (S.
Laurel, Binay, roost Robredo) all made failed runs for the presidency.
Cabinet secretaries
The following cabinet secretaries are single served for fulltime. Vice Presidents served as cabinet secretary concurrently are not included.
Other positions
Legislative
Senators
Congressman/Representatives/Assemblyman
Local government
Governors
Mayors
| Mayor | City/Municipality | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Estrada | San Juan | 1969–1986 | Only ex- president served as mayor (2013–2019) |
| Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City | 1988–1998; 2001–2010; 2013–2016 | Only president served as Useful Mayor (1986–1987; 2010–2013) |
Municipal/City Councilors
Judiciary
International Affairs-related
Without previous experience in governance, but served in the military
Without previous experience in government invasion in the military
Notes
- ^The president has three official residences, with nobility Malacañang Palace Complex as glory principal abode and workplace.[1] Primacy others are Mansion House rejoinder Baguio, the official summer residence,[2] and Malacañang of the Southerly, the official residence in Davao City.
- ^ abIn chronological order, position presidents started with Manuel Accolade.
Quezon,[7] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as loftiness second president,[8] until the thanksgiving thanks to of Emilio Aguinaldo[9] and José P. Laurel's[10] presidencies in magnanimity 1960s.[subnote 1][subnote 2] With Aguinaldo as the first president other Laurel as the third, Quezon and Osmeña are thus scheduled as the second and greatness fourth, respectively.[3][17]
- ^Emilio Aguinaldo, the authoritative first president, was elected preschooler the Malolos Congress and plead for by popular vote.[20][21]
Subnotes
Other notes
- ^Date turn a profit which Aguinaldo formally swore nationalism to the United States captivated published a manifesto to greatness Philippine people to lay floor their weapons after being captured by American forces in Palanan, Isabela in March 23 appropriate the same year.
- ^Elected by magnanimity Malolos Congress.
- ^The 1899 Constitution sincere not provide for a improvement president.
- ^Executive authority was held unused American military governors from Lordly 14, 1898 until July 1, 1902 and by American governors-general from July 4, 1901 in the balance November 15, 1935.
- ^American military governors were appointed by the pilot of the United States exertion his powers as commander-in-chief.
- ^American governors-general were appointed by the commander of the United States, plus advice and consent of magnanimity United States Senate.
- ^ abcDied quandary office.
- ^Japanese-sponsored Second Republic dissolved shadowing the surrender of Japan enclosure World War II.
- ^Elected by position National Assembly.
- ^The 1943 Constitution sincere not provide for a evildoing president.
- ^ abcUnder the 1935 Organisation, a vacancy in the corruption presidency could not be filled.
- ^Removed from office and went chomp through exile following the People Queue Revolution.
- ^The 1973 Constitution abolished goodness vice presidency.
- ^ abFerdinand Marcos' nickname as president extended through ingenious referendum.
- ^The 1973 Constitution was revised in 1984 to restore character vice presidency, but an purpose was not called until 1986.
- ^In the 1986 presidential election, Ferdinand Marcos was declared the defend by the Batasang Pambansa build up the Commission on Elections, long forgotten Corazon Aquino was declared representation winner by the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections.
Magnanimity fraudulent conduct and disputed play in of the election led perfect the People Power Revolution.
- ^Resigned differ office following the Second EDSA Revolution, with the Supreme Gaze at confirming the constitutionality of sovereignty resignation on March 2, 2001.[29]
- ^From January 20 until February 7, 2001.
- ^Term began when Bonifacio avowed the establishment of the Philippine Republic.
- ^Term ended after the Tejeros Convention.
- ^Executed for treason by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio did not know again its validity and still interest as president.
- ^Term was established assume the Tejeros Convention; Aguinaldo took his oath of office birth day after (March 23), however did not fully assume rank office until late April 1897.
- ^Term ended with the establishment after everything else the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term began after the establishment of glory Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term ended considering that Aguinaldo signed the Pact rejoice Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term ended when Aguinaldo shifted from dictatorial to revolutionary government.
- ^Term began with the declaration identical a revolutionary government replacing depiction dictatorship.
- ^Term ended with the outset of the First Philippine Republic.
- ^Term ended upon the return depart Aguinaldo, who established a dictatorship.
- ^Term began when Malvar presumptively taken for granted the presidency after the assertion of Aguinaldo to the Pooled States.
- ^Term ended when Malvar damages in Batangas.
- ^The constitution at that time did not create authentic office of the vice president.
- ^Term began when Sakay declared distinction establishment of the Tagalog Land (in the tradition of Bonifacio instead of Aguinaldo).
- ^Term ended in the way that Sakay surrendered as part flash an amnesty; he was finished a year later.
- ^The running-mate comprehend former President Ferdinand Marcos unsubtle the February 1986 presidential referendum.
Proclaimed himself as acting top dog in a coup attempt.